初中英语语法-被动语态

中考语法精讲——被动语态被动语态的基本构成：be+动词的过去分词（be+done)1.一般现在时am/is/are+done•Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.•Theclassroomiscleanedbyuseveryday.•Heputonacoat.•Acoatwasputonbyhim.2.一般过去时was/were+doneHemadethekite.Thekitewasmadebyhim.3.一般将来时shall/will/begoingto+bedone•Theywillplanttreestomorrow.•Treeswillbeplantedbythemtomorrow•Heisgoingtowritealettertohismother.•Aletterisgoingtobewrittentohismotherbyhim.4.现在完成时has/have+beendone•Jimhasfinishedthework.•TheworkhasbeenfinishedbyJim.5.含有情态动词的被动语态•can/may/must/should+bedone•Icanfindhim.•Hecanbefoundbyme.被动语态的用法1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。这块手表是中国制造的。ThiswatchismadeinChina.2.没有必要指出动作的执行者每年都应该种更多的树。Manytreesshouldbeplantedeveryyear.3.需要强调或突出动作的承受者。世界上越来越多的人说汉语。Chineseisspokenbymoreandmorepeopleintheworld.4.句子的主语是动作的承受者。许多房屋被冲走了。Manyhouseswerewashedawaybytheflood.主动语态变被动语态的方法•（主语）（宾语）•主动语态：动作的执行者+谓语动词的主动形式+动作的承受者•被动语态：动作的承受者+谓语动词的被动形式+动作的执行者•（主语）（宾语）•说明：•（1）要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动句中的宾语为人称代词，要将宾格变成主格。•（2）把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格变宾格，并由by引导。•（3)谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。补充部分1.主动结构表被动意义open,lock,write,read,sell,wash,cut,burn,drive等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可以用主动语态表被动意义。Thiskindofshirtsellswell.2.look,sound,taste,smell等系动词用主动表被动意义。例：Itsmellswonderful.Mooncakestastedelicious.3.在beworthdoing中,doing表被动意义。例：Thisbookisworthreading.•4.want/need/require+doing=want/need/require+tobedone例：Mybikeneedsrepairing.•=Mybikeneedstoberepaired.•我的自行车需要修理。课堂练习（一）改写句子1.Weplanttreesinspringeveryyear._________________byusinspringeveryyear.2.Shepostedtheletteryesterday.____________________byheryesterday.3.MrTurnergavemeabirthdaypresent._______________abirthdaypresentbyMrTurner.5.Youmayhandinyourhomeworktomorrow.______________________________byyoutomorrow.6.Sheisgoingtowritealetter.__________________________byher.TreesareplantedTheletterwaspostedIwasgivenYourhomeworkmaybehandedinAletterisgoingtobewritten1.Ifcitynoises____fromincreasing，people____shouttobeheardevenatdinner．A．arenotkept；willhavetoB．arenotkept；haveC．donotkeep；willhavetoD．donotkeep；haveto2.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,____andperfectednow.A.developedB.havedevelopedC.arebeingdevelopedD.willhavebeendeveloped3.---____thesportsmeetmightbeputoff．---Yes，italldependsontheweather．A．I'vebeentoldB．I'vetoldC．I'mtoldD．ItoldACA4.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection___.A.hascompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted5.Rainforests___andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.A.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut6.Thenewbridge___bytheendoflastmonth.A.hasbeendesignedB.hadbeendesignedC.wasdesignedD.wouldbedesigned7.Whenpartofapencilisinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.wasbrokenD.hadbeenbrokenDCBC8.Greatchanges___inthecity,andalotoffactories___.A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetupB.havetakenplace;havebeensetupC.havetakenplace;havesetupD.weretakenplace;weresetup9.Thatsuit__over60dollars.A.hadcostedB.costedC.iscostedD.cost10.---Look!Everythinghereisunderconstruction.---What’stheprettysmallhousethat__for?A.isbeingbuiltB.hasbeenbuiltC.isbuiltD.isbuilding11.---Doyoulikethecloth?---Yes,it___verysoft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfeltBDAC12.Itisdifficultforaforeigner____Chinese．A．writeB．towriteC．tobewrittenD．written13.Ihavenomoreletters____，thankyou．A．totypeB．typingC．tobetypedD．typed14.Takecare!Don’tdroptheinkonyourshirt,forit__easily.A.won’twashoutB.won’tbewashedoutC.isn’twashedoutD.isn’twashingout15.Nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedto___.A.beputupB.giveinC.beturnedonD.gooutBCAD16.Thecomputersonthetable___ProfessorSmith.A.belongsB.arebelongedtoC.belongstoD.belongto17.---Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?---Oh,excellent.It’sworth___asecondtime.A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.beingread18.Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed___.A.catchingB.tobecaughtC.beingcaughtD.tocatch19.Thispageneeded___again.A.beingcheckedB.checkedC.tocheckD.tobechecked20.___manytimes,theboystilldidn’tknowhowtodoit.A.HavingtaughtB.HavingbeentaughtC.taughtD.TeachingDCCDB