北美绿色建筑设计

SECRETARIATREPORTTOCOUNCILUNDERARTICLE13OFTHENORTHAMERICANAGREEMENTONENVIRONMENTALCOOPERATIONOPPORTUNITIESANDCHALLENGESCOMMISSIONFORENVIRONMENTALCOOPERATION393,RUEST-JACQUESOUEST,BUREAU200MONTREAL(QUEBEC)CANADAH2Y1N9CECGREENBUILDINGINNORTHAMERICA100%www.cec.org/greenbuildingThisArticle13reportwaspreparedbytheSecretariatoftheCommissionforEnvironmentalCooperation(CEC).TheinformationcontainedhereindoesnotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsoftheCECorthegovernmentsofCanada,MexicoortheUnitedStatesofAmerica.ThereportispublishedinthethreelanguagesoftheCEC:English,FrenchandSpanish.However,asthetextwasoriginallypreparedinEnglishandthereaftertranslated,inthecaseofdisputedmeaning,referenceshouldbemadetotheEnglishversion.ReproductionofthisdocumentinwholeorinpartandinanyformforeducationalornonprofitpurposesmaybemadewithoutspecialpermissionfromtheCECSecretariat,providedacknowledgementofthesourceismade.TheCECwouldappreciatereceivingacopyofanypublicationormaterialthatusesthisdocumentasasource.PublishedbytheCommunicationsDepartmentoftheCECSecretariat.©CommissionforEnvironmentalCooperation,2008ISBN2-923358-47-3(Spanishedition:2-923358-48-1;Frenchedition:2-923358-49-X)LegalDeposit-BibliothèquenationalduQuébec,2008LegalDeposit-NationalLibraryofCanada,2008Formoreinformation:COMMISSIONFORENVIRONMENTALCOOPERATION393,rueSt-JacquesOuest,bureau200Montreal(Quebec)[e-mail]andEnviro100papercontaining100%post-consumerfiberandproducedusingbiogasenergy.ThispaperiscertifiedEcoLogo,ProcessedChlorineFreeandFSCrecycled.CoverPhotos:KMDArchitects,BillTouchberry,HeiferInternational,UBCSustainabilityOffice/MatsuzakiArchitectsInc.,DavidMorillónCertno.SGS-COC-2332PREFACE3EXECUTIVESUMMARY41.INTRODUCTION92.GREENBUILDINGINNORTHAMERICA15A.FEATURESOFGREENBUILDING16B.HOWWIDESPREADISGREENBUILDING?17C.RATINGSYSTEMS18D.APROCESSOFCONTINUALIMPROVEMENT183.AFOUNDATIONALDRIVERFORCHANGE21A.THENEGATIVEENVIRONMENTALIMPACTSOFCURRENTBUILDINGPRACTICES22B.BENEFITSOFGREENBUILDING234.CLIMATECHANGECRISISANDBUILDINGS33A.GREENBUILDINGANDGHGEMISSIONS34B.CALLINGFORAGGRESSIVEIMPROVEMENTINNORTHAMERICA365.GREENBUILDINGENERGYSCENARIOSFOR203039A.MODELINGAGGRESSIVEENERGY-SAVINGSCENARIOS40B.COUNTRY-SPECIFICRESULTS42C.GENERALCONCLUSIONS476.DRIVERSANDBARRIERSTOIMPROVEMENT49A.MOMENTUMTOWARDGREENBUILDINGINTHEUNITEDSTATESANDCANADA50B.MOMENTUMTOWARDGREENBUILDINGINMEXICO52C.BARRIERSTOGREENBUILDINGS547.PROMOTINGMUTUALLYBENEFICIALCOOPERATION598.RECOMMENDATIONSFORNORTHAMERICA63THESECRETARIAT’SRECOMMENDATIONSONMAKINGGREENBUILDINGSTANDARDPRACTICEINNORTHAMERICA65APPENDIX:ADVISORYGROUPSTATEMENT71TABLEOFCONTENTS3TheCommissionforEnvironmentalCooperation(CEC)isaninternationalorganizationcreatedbyCanada,Mexico,andtheUnitedStatesundertheNorthAmericanAgreementonEnvironmentalCooperation(NAAEC).TheCECwasestablishedtoaddressregionalenvironmentalconcerns,helppreventpotentialtradeandenvironmentalconflicts,andpromotetheeffectiveenforcementofenvironmentallaw.TheAgreementcomplementstheenvironmentalprovisionsoftheNorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreement(NAFTA).AtthebehestofExecutiveDirectorsWilliamKennedyandAdriánVázquez,TimWhitehouseandGeoffGarveroftheCECSecretariatpreparedthisreportpursuanttoArticle13oftheNAAEC.Article13isasectionoftheNAAECthatgivestheCECSecretariatauthoritytopreparereportsonimportantenvironmentalissuesandpresentthemtothegovernmentsandpeopleofCanada,Mexico,andtheUnitedStates.PreviousArticle13reportshaveaddressedtheeffectsoftransgenicmaizeinMexico,environmentalchallengesandopportunitiesofanevolvingcontinentalelectricitymarket,anagendaforpreservingtransboundarymigratorybirdhabitatontheUpperSanPedroRiver,anagendaforcooperationtoaddresslong-rangetransportofairpollutioninNorthAmerica,andthedeathofmigratorybirdsattheSilvaReservoirinGuanajuato,Mexico.TheCECSecretariatwouldliketoacknowledgethemanyindividualsandorganizationsthatcontributedtimeandenergytothesuccessfulcompletionofthisreport.SpecialmentiongoestotheCECAdvisoryGrouponGreenBuilding,chairedbyJonathanWesteinde,whosemembershaveworkedunderaverytightdeadlinetodeveloptheStatementandAdviceonRecommendationsthatrepresentthecoreofthisSecretariatreport(seelistingofAdvisoryGroupmembersonpage10).TheSecretariatwouldliketothankeachoneofthemfortheirextraordinarydedicationandcollegialityoverthecourseofthelasttwoyears.TheSecretariatwouldalsoliketothanktheauthorsofthebackgroundpapersthatweredevelopedaspartofthisprocess(seelistonpage11)andthemanygovernmentandpublicparticipantswhoprovidedcommentsattheworkshopandthesymposium.AdraftofthisreportwasprovidedtotheNAAECParties,theAdvisoryGroupandthebackgroundpaperauthorsforconfidentialreviewandcomment.CommentswerereceivedfromMartinAdelaar,JenniferAtlee,AlisonKinnBennett,OdóndeBuen,GuillermoCasar,RogerPeters,JoséPicciotto,MartaNiñoSulkowska,LeanneTobias,CesarTrevino,DouglasWebber,JonathanWesteinde,andFernandoMayagoitiaWintron.EnvironmentCanadaandtheUSEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyprovidedadditionalcommentsfrominteragencyreviewsofthedraftreport.TheCECSecretariatwouldalsoliket