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RalphWaldoEmerson（1803——1882）•Americanlecturer,poet,essayistandphilosopher,bestrememberedforleadingtheTranscendentalistmovementofthemid-19thcentury,Emerson’sEarlyLife•In1803inBoston,MA.BornonElectionDay•BornonthesamestreetasthebirthhomeofBenjaminFranklin.•FatherwasafamousministerwhoencouragedyoungRalphtopursuephilosophyatayoungage.EarlyTrials•In1811,whenhewas8hisfatherpassedawayandEmersonislefttosupporthisfourotherbrothers.•In1817,whenhewas14,hewenttoHarvard.Despitethehardships,alltheEmersonboys,exceptone,graduatedfromHarvardUniversity.•Ralphwasaskedtoshareacoatwithhisbrothertosavefinances.Hiscareer•In1821,afterHarvard,Emersonassistedhisbrotherinaschoolforyoungwomenestablishedintheirmother’shouse.•In1829,hewasappointedasajuniorpastor(青年牧师)byBoston’sSecondChurch.Transcendentalism•In1832,heabandonedUnitarianismandwenttoEuropewherehemetpoetsSamuelTaylorLoleridgeandWilliamWordsworthwhointroducedhimtoRomanticnotionsofnatureandphilosophy.In1835,hefoundedaTranscendentalists'ClubandpublishedajournalLateLifeandDeath•Upsetinthe1860sbythecomingCivilWar,helivedaquietlifewithhisfamily.•Hishouseburnttothegroundin1872.•DiedonApril27th,1882.RalphWaldoEmerson(1803-1882)•TheBritishcriticMatthewArnoldsaidthemostimportantwritingsinEnglishinthe19thcenturyhadbeenWordsworth'spoemsandEmerson'sessays.majorwork•Nature《论自然》1836•TheAmericanScholar《论美国学者》1837•Selfreliance《论自立》1841•TheOver-soul《论超灵》1841•RepresentativeMen《代表人物》1850•EnglishTraits《英国人的特性》1856Comments•FormerU.S.PresentLincolncalledhim“theAmericanConfucius(美国的孔子)”，“thefatherofAmericancivilizations”.•Agreatprose-poet,EmersoninfluencedalonglineofAmericanpoets,includingWaltWhitman,EmilyDickinson,EdwinArlingtonRobinson,WallaceStevens,HartCrane,andRobertFrost.•HeisalsocreditedwithinfluencingthephilosophiesofJohnDewey,GeorgeSantayana,FriedrichNietzsche,andWilliamJames.