中西方建筑文化差异--中英文版

TheDifferencesinHistoryandCulturebetweenChineseandWesternArchitecture建筑是人类文明的沉淀，也是人类文明的载体。它以其独特的语言方式向人们倾述着各地区、各民族的思想观念、宗教情感、审美情趣等等。所以地域和历史文化截然不同的中西方也有着不同的建筑理念。同时中西方的人审美观念、性格气质也有着相当的差异，这些都在无形地影响着当地的建筑设计艺术。Architectureisnotonlytheprecipitationofhumancivilization,butalsothecarrierofhumancivilization.Itrevealstheideologicalconcept,religiousfeelingsandaestheticinterestsofallpeoplesinallregionstouswithitsdistinctivelanguageexpressions.Therefore,Chineseandthewestwithdifferentregions,historyandculturealsohavedifferentarchitecturalphilosophy.Meanwhile,theChinesepeopleandwesternersalsohavequitedifferencesonaestheticstandards,characterandtemperament.Alltheseimpactthelocalartsofarchitecturaldesign.Chineseandthewestwithdifferentregions,historyandculturealsohavedifferentarchitecturalphilosophy.Meanwhile,theChinesepeopleandwesternersalsohavequitedifferencesonaestheticstandards,characterandtemperament.Alltheseimpactthelocalartsofarchitecturaldesign.地域和历史文化截然不同的中西方也有着不同的建筑理念。同时中西方的人审美观念、性格气质也有着相当的差异，这些都在无形地影响着当地的建筑设计艺术。Therefore,atfirst,wespeciallydiscussedsomedifferencesontherootofthearchitecturebetweentheeastandthewest.Herein,ItakeGreeceasthewesternrepresentative.因此，特地在此探讨一下东西方的建筑根源上的一些差异。在这里，以希腊为西方的代表。Buildingmaterials,reflectedthedifferentbetweenChineseandwesternmaterialcultureandphilosophyofthedifferences.Judgingfromthebuildingmaterials,inmodernarchitecturenotproducedbefore,alltheworldhasdevelopedmatureconstructionsystem,includingbelongtoeasternarchitectureofIndianarchitectureinside,basically,areformajorconstructionmaterialstobrickybuild,belongstothebrickstructuresystem.SuchasthepyramidsinEgypt,ancientGreektemple,Romanchichenitza,theShuShuiDao,inEuropeinthemiddleages,thechurch...Allarebuiltwithstonematerial,nottinghaveisnotthestoneinthehistoryofhistoricallefttestimony.OnlyinChineseancientbuildings(includingneighbouringJapan,Koreaandotherregions)isthewoodtodothemainframehouses,belongtotimberworksystem,thusisknownaswoodhistory.Thelayoutofarchitecturalspace,reflectthedifferentcharacteristicsbetweenChineseandwesternsystemculture,thedifference.Chinawhateverbuilding,fromhousingtothepalace,almostisapattern,similartothequadmode.ThebeautyofChinesearchitectureisakindofcollectivebeauty.Forexample;Beijingpalace,theMingtombsMingtemple,qufuThefirstdifferenceisthatthearchitecturesinGreekareperceptualandperfectlyseekforplasticartsandformalbeauty.However,theChinesearchitectureisgreatlyinfluencedbyethicthoughts.TheseconddifferenceisonhistoryandculturebetweenChineseandwesternarchitectureisthespiritofdemocracyinthewestandautocraticandhierarchicalthinkinginChina.ThethirddifferenceisthemysteriousreligiouscontentofthewesternarchitectureandharmonicrealisminChina.Thewesternersbelieveingodandhaveakindofextraordinarydevotiontoreligion.However,theChinesepeoplebelievethattheirfateswillbeintheirownhands.Firstly,wediscusstheperceptionalarchitectureinGreece.TheancientGreekarchitecturepursuedplasticarts,andeachbuildingseemedtobeasculpture.Theypursuedharmonyandconsideredthathumanbodywasthemostharmoniousandbeautifulshapeintheworld.Thephysicalbeautyiswellreflectedintheirarchitectures.Forinstance,theDoricorderrepresentedmalemodelisresoluteandmagnificent.TheIonicorderrepresentedfemalemodelisgentleandgraceful.Asshowningraphs:Thefirstdifference首先我们来讨论一下希腊建筑的感性化。古希腊建筑追求造型艺术，每个建筑就如一个雕塑品。他们追求和谐，并认为人体是世界上最和谐最美的形体。人体美在他们的建筑上得到了很好的体现，如代表男体的多立克柱式刚毅雄伟，代表女体的爱奥尼柱式柔和端丽。多立克柱式是古典建筑的三种柱式中出现最早的一种（公元前7世纪），（另外2种柱式是爱奥尼柱式和科林斯柱式），它们都源于古希腊。特点是比较粗大雄壮，没有柱础，柱身有20条凹槽，柱头没有装饰，多立克柱又被称为男性柱。来显示刚劲和力量。最早的高度与直径之比为6：1，后来改至7：1。著名的雅典卫城（AthenAcropolis）的帕提农神庙（Parthenon）即采用的是多立克柱式。这多立克式的是高浮雕，甚至圆雕，强调体积，爱奥尼式的是薄浮雕，强调线条。这两种柱式，确实可以说是分别典型的概括了男性和女性的体态与性格，不仅是像维特鲁威所说的那样简单地模仿男体和女体的比例。。Next,weexploredthespiritofethicsinChinesearchitecture.Contrarytothetendencyofpursuingformalbeauty,attractiveappearanceandsculptureinGreece,theChinesepeopledon’tpursuetheexternalbeautybutconsiderthatthearchitectureistheplaceofliving,thinkingandcultivatingmoral,andshouldfocusonethics.接下来探讨中国建筑的伦理精神。与希腊人追求形式美、造型美、雕塑感的倾向相反，中国人不求外在形式的美感，而是认为建筑是生活、思考、养德的地方，应以伦理为重点Thefirstdifference群体和谐的思想是中国建筑美学的特征，也正是中国建筑的独特理念。因此中国建筑以向水平方向发展为主，极力削弱个体建筑的突出。这种形式的布局，不是以单体建筑的造型取胜，而是以群体的对称、呼应、错落有序形成整体气势。中国人有着令人惊讶的对建筑群体的驾驭能力。ThethoughtofgroupharmonyisthecharacteristicsofChinesearchitecturalaesthetics,butalsotheuniqueideasofChinesearchitecture.Therefore,Chinesearchitectureismainlyinhorizontaldevelopment,astoweakenthehighlightoftheindividualarchitecturegreatly.Thiskindoflayoutbecamedominantdependingontheoverallmomentumofthesymmetry,concertandgoodorderamonggroupsinsteadofthemodelingofindividualarchitecture.Chinesepeoplehavesurprisingcontrolabilitytothearchitecturalgroups.ThefirstdifferenceThefirstdifferenceInthegroupharmonyofChinesearchitectures,itischaracterizedby“courtesy”oftheConfucianism.“Courtesy”isthecriteriaofdividingintothedifferencesamongpeople.Therefore,ithasclearexpressionontheprimaryandsecondaryinarchitecture.Thearchitectureswithdifferentgradeshavethecorrespondingposition,form,colorandroofstyles,etc.AllthesealsoreflectedtheethicsofChinesearchit