基本英语句法

基本英语句法英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）谓语（predicate）表语（predicative）宾语（object）宾语补足语(objectcomplement)定语（attribute）状语(adverbial)主语：是句子要说明的人或物,可以作主语的成分有名词，主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！1)Mr.Leeisawell-knownscientist.2)Hereadsnewspaperseveryday.3)Twoandtenistwelve.4)Smokingisharmfultothehealth.5)Toswiminthatpoolisagreatpleasure.6)Whatweshalldonextisnotyetdecided.谓语:说明主语的动作，状态或特征。1)Thenewtermbeginsonthe1stofSeptember.2)Hisfatherisanengineer.3)Sheseemedhappy.4)LiHuashowedmehisalbum.宾语:指的是及物动词涉及到的人或物.1)WangLinglentmeanoveltoreadinthebus.2)Themedicineisgoodforacold.3)Howmanypiecesdoyouwant?4)Mylittlesisteralwayslikestoaskquestions.5)Wouldyoumindcomingearliertomorrow?6)HeaskedmewhatIwasgoingtodotonight宾语补足语:在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作,状态,特征.1)Thegovernmentappointedherchiefdelegatetotheconference.2)Idon’tbelievethestorytrue.3)Youshouldputyourthingsinorder.4)Thedoctoradvisedhertostayinbedforaweek.5)Wesawthepupilsplayingbasketball.表语：是谓语的一部分，它位于系动词如be之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。1)Wang’sfatherisadoctor.2)Heisalwayscareless.3)Thebasketballmatchison.4)Allthepupilsareontheplaygroundnow.5)Ouraimistowinmoremedals.6)HisworkisteachingFrench.7)Thequestioniswhocanreallyrepairthemachines.定语:是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。Tomisahandsomeboy.Thetwoboysarestudents.HisboyneedsTom'spen.Theboyintheclassroomneedsapenofyours.Theboyneedsaballpen.ThebestboyhereisTom.Thereisnothingtodotoday.Thesmilingboyneedsapenboughtbyhismother.ThisisthenewdictionarywhichIboughtyesterday.状语：状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。1)Shesingsquitewell.2)OnSundays,thereisnostudentintheclassroom.3)Hesitsthere,askingforapen.4)Theboyneedsapentodohishomework.5)IfIhavesomesparetime,IwilltakeupGerman.同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分，近乎于后置定语。如：Westudentsshouldstudyhard./(students是we的同位语，都是指同一批‘学生’）Weallarestudents./(all是we的同位语，都指同样的‘我们’）ThenewsthatC用符号标出下列句子的成分：1)Isawyouruncleintheshopyesterday.2)HerfatherbecameaPartymemberin1950.3)Tosleeponaspringbedisverycomfortable.4)Mr.HopkinsteachesMaryEnglish.5)SheknowshowtoteachEnglishproperly.6)Thenextmorning,wefoundhimlyinginbed,dead.7)BeingChinese,wecaremuchabouthowmanygoldmedalstheChineseteamhasgot.8).Whoareyoulookingfor?9).Itwasapitythatyoudidn’twatchthatwonderfulfootballmatch.10)IthinkitisnecessaryforustolearnEnglish.11)IthinkitnecessaryforustolearnEnglish.12)Manyaccidentswhichoccurinthestreetscouldbepreventedifweweremorecareful.13)Thewatchwhichhermothergaveittoherworksverywell.14)Hisdelayofanhourisduetothefactthatthetrainmetwithaminoraccident.Analyzethesentences:1.Thestudentsoftenkeeptheirclassroomcleanandtidy.2.Wefinditimpossibletofinishthetaskinsuchshorttime.3.Thequestionbeingdiscussedseemedimportant.4.ThetowntowardswhichwearemovingistheoneIusedtolivein.5.Hearingthathissonwasbadlywounded,hehurriedtothehospitaltoseehim.6.Weheardawarningontheradiothatahurricaneisonitsway.Correcting:1.Itmadeourschoollookslikedaschool.2.Everywherehavegreentreesandflowers.3.Therearemanytreesaregrowinginourschool.4.WefoundhimwashavinganEnglishlesson.5.I’llspendthewholedayreadingandprepareforit.6.Thechildrenwentawaylaughed.7.Thechurchburneddownyesterdaydatefromthe18thcentury.8.It’snotgoodtokeepchildrenbusilywiththeirstudiesalldaylong.9.Playfootballnotonlymakesusgrowuptallandstrongbutalsogiveusasenseoffairplayandteamspirit.1.Thepersonwespoketo___noansweratfirst.A.makeB.makingC.makesD.made2.Whodoyouthink___usatalkthisafternoon?A.togiveB.gaveC.willgiveD.giving3、Thedayswelookforwardto____atlast.A.comesB.tocomeC.cameD.coming4.Timeshouldbemadegooduseof___ourlessonswell.A.learningB.learnedC.tolearnD.learns5.Weshoulddoallwecan___him.A.tohelpB.helpC.helpingD.helpsCCDCA6.Whyalltheboysfellillsuddenly___stillunknown.A.areB.wasC.isD.were7.“Can’tyouread”?Marysaid___tothenotice.A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointing8.Whomwouldyouratherhave___withyou.A.togoB.goneC.goD.went9.Whatdoyouconsider__tothem?A.tohappenB.happenedC.happeningD.happen在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears.这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。Thingsofthatsortarehappeningallovertheworldeveryday.每天八时开始上课。Classesbeginateighteveryday.布朗夫人看起来很健康。MrsBrownlooksveryhealthy.她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。Herjobistolookafterthechildreninthenursery.他失业了。Heisoutofwork.他们成功地完成了计划Theyhavecarriedouttheplansuccessfully.我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。IreceivedaletterfrommypenfriendinAustralia.我开窗户你在意吗？Doyoumindmyopeningthewindow?我们大家都相信Jack是一个诚实男孩。AllofusbelievethatJackisanhonestboy.我们大家都认为他是诚实的。Allofusconsideredhimhonest.他们把门推开了。Theypushedthedooropen我从来没看见这个字这样用过。Ihaveneverseenthewordusedthatwaybefore.男孩子们都在看士兵们操练。Theboyswerewatchingthesoldiersdrilling.我想乘船去那里更舒服些。Ithinkitmorecomfortabletogotherebyship.我认为与那个人谈话是无益的。Ithoughtitnousetalkingwiththatman.