主谓宾宾补结构

一．英语的五种基本句型结构：①S十V主谓结构Herunsquickly．他跑得快。②S十V十P主系表结构Thestorysoundsinteresting．这个故事听起来有趣。③S十V十O主谓宾结构Theybuiltahouselastyear．他们去年建了一所房子。④S十V十O1十O2主谓双宾结构Heofferedmehisseat/hisseattome．他把座位让给我。⑤S十V十O十C主谓宾宾补结构Theyfoundherhappythatday．他们发现那天她很高兴。Ifoundhimout．我发现他出去了。TheynamedtheboyCharlie．他们给这个男孩起名为查理。Isawhimcomeinandgoout．我见他进来又出去。Theyfeltthecarmovingfast．他们感到汽车行驶得很快。Hefoundthedoorofstudyclosedtohim．他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。说明：S＝主语；V＝谓语；P＝表语；O＝宾语；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；C＝宾语补足语二．宾语补足语：1、定义：Theobjectcomplementgivesmoreinformationabouttheobject.顾名思义，宾补是补充说明宾语，使句子意义完整的句子成分。2、使用场合：Verb+object+objectcomplement3、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：(1).名词：Wemadehimourmonitor.Theythoughtthisgoodadvice.TheynamedtheirdaughterJenny.注：充当宾语补足语的名词若表示正式的或独一无二的头衔、职位时，前面一般不用冠词。TheyelectedJohnchairmanofthecommittee.(2).形容词：Youshouldkeepyourroomcleanandtidy.We’dbetterleavethedooropen.Wefoundtheruinsmostinteresting.(3).介词短语Helefthisbagintheoffice.Wefoundourselvesinthemiddleofadesert.(4).副词Heopenedthewindowtoletthefreshairin.Isawhimoutwithhisfatherthedaybeforeyesterday.(5).现在分词：I’msorrytohaveyouwaitingforsolong.Icouldfeelthecoldwindblowingonmyface.Atthismomentshenoticedtheteachercomingin.(6).过去分词：Whenhewakeup,hefoundhimselftiedtoatree.Heraisedhisvoicetomakehimselfheard.Ihadmywatchrepairedyesterday.(7).不定式或省略to的不定式Mymotherallowedmetoplaygamesforawhile.Canyoumakeyourcarparkoverthere?注：(1).使用不定式作宾语补足语时，五看（see,watch,notice,observe,lookat）三使（make,let,have）两听（listento,hear）一感觉（feel）后接省略to的不定式(2).help一词后的不定式，可带to，也可以不带to。4、在复合宾语中，宾语通常为名词或代词，但有时也可以用不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或that从句来充当。一般情况下，宾补通常紧跟在宾语之后。值得注意的是：think,find,consider,feel,make,take等动词应使用先行it代替宾语，it后面应接宾补，而将真正的宾语移到句子的后部Ifeltitnecessarytospeakaboutourshortcomings.Ithinkitveryimportanttoattendthismeeting.Weallthoughtitapitythatyoucouldn’tjoinus.注意：在这种结构中，宾语补足语通常为名词或形容词；常用于这种结构的动词有：feel,find,think,make,take,judge,consider等。【小结】1、宾语补足语是补充宾语的成分，通常置于宾语之后。宾语+宾语补足语=复合宾语。2、可以用作宾补的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词。3、能带宾补的动词一定是及物动词。4、主动语态句子中的宾语在被动语态句子中是主语，相应的宾补就成为主补。常跟宾语补足语的动词：第一类,感官动词,所接的宾补可以是不带to的动词不定式，也可以是现在分词或过去分词。feel,hear,listento,notice,observe,see,watch,lookatIsawhimcross/crossingtheroad.=Hewasseen___________/____________theroad.但句子变为被动语态时，不定式的to要还原。第二类,使役动词，所接的宾补多为动词不定式或过去分词。如：let,have,get,make,wouldlike,want等。Thismakespeopleknowtheimportanceofprotectingtheenvironment.Ifyouareback,willyoupleasemakeyourselfknowntome?Themachinedoesn’twork.Imusthaveitrepairedrightnow.第三类,含命名意义的动词，所接的宾补一般是名词。如：call,name,appoint,elect,make,consider等。CallmeJoe,please.Shewaselectedpresidentofthecompany.第四类,v.+sb.+todosth.结构中的动词，所接的宾补一般是不定式。这类动词有：advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,expect,force,get,help,inspire,invite,order,permit,persuade,remind,request,require,teach,tell,train,urge,want,warn,wish,report等第五类,find,keep,leave等几个词的用法非常灵活，后面所接的宾补可以是形容词、副词、现在分词、过去分词等。Wefounditverydifficulttosolvetheproblem.Howcanyoukeepthemwaitingforsolong?Keepthedoorclosed.