英语教学法教程8-Teaching-Vocabulary

EnglishLanguageTeachingMethodologyUnit8TeachingVocabularyOutlinePresentation(G6):Grammar-TranslationmethodAbriefrevisionofUnit7Unit8TeachingVocabularyPresentation:Grammar-TranslationmethodTelluswhatyouknowaboutthemethod,itstheoreticalfoundation,itsdevelopment,classroompractice,etc.Commentonthemethod.(Isthismethodusefulforteachinggrammar?Whyorwhynot?)ForGroup6.ArevisionofUnit7TeachingGrammar1.Whatistheroleofgrammarinlanguagelearning?2.Whatarethemajortypesofgrammarpresentationmethods?3.Whatarethemajortypesofgrammarpracticeactivities?1.TheroleofgrammarinlanguagelearningGenerallyspeaking,ChineseEFLlearnersneedacertaindegreeofmasteryofEnglishgrammar(grammaticalcompetenceisessentialforcommunication).However,itshouldbenotedthatlearninggrammaritselfisnottheultimategoaloflearningEnglish.2.Threewaysofpresenting/teachinggrammarthedeductivemethodtheinductivemethodtheguideddiscoverymethodEachhasmeritsanddrawbacks.Thebestwayistovarymethodsindifferentsituations.3.TwotypesofgrammarpracticeactivitiesMechanicalpracticeandmeaningful/communicativepracticeofgrammarhavebothadvantagesanddisadvantages.Twotypesofpracticecanbecombined.Usingprompts(pictures,mimes,tables,charts,keywords,createdsituations)hasprovedtobeaneffectivewayofgrammarpractice.Unit8TeachingVocabulary1.Whataresomeoftheassumptionsaboutvocabularylearning?2.Whatdoesknowingawordinvolve?3.Howcanwepresentnewvocabularyitems?4.Whataresomeeffectivewaystoconsolidatevocabulary?5.Howdowehelpstudentsdevelopvocabularylearningstrategies?Importanceofvocabulary“Withoutgrammarverylittlecanbeconveyed,withoutvocabularynothingcanbeconveyed.”(D.A.Wilkins)“词汇之于语法，有如砖之如混凝土，它们共同构筑意义的大厦”。（丁建新，2004：前言）Wordsarebrickstoalanguage.Wordsbuildmeaningandconveythoughts.8.1UnderstandingvocabularyandvocabularylearningActivity:Task2(p.117)1.Vocabularyitemscanbewords,compounds,phrases,sentences.2.Noteverysinglewordhasanequivalentinanotherlanguage,e.g.“the”.3.Vocabularycanbetaught.4.Bothteachersandstudentsshouldbeawareofthedifferencebetweenactiveandpassivevocabulary,andthentreatthemdifferently.5.Translationisnotthebestwaytoexplainnewwords.6.English-Englishexplanationsarenotthebest.Therearemanyothermoreeffectiveways.7.AnEnglish-Englishdictionaryisveryhelpful.8.Itismoreeffectivewhenwordsofrelatedmeaningaretaughtandlearnedtogether.9.Studyingvocabularyinlanguagecontextsaremoreeffective.10.Forgettingisinevitable.Butifwordsarefrequentlyused,theyarelesseasytoforget.8.2Whatdoesknowingawordinvolve?Whatdoesknowingawordinvolve?Knowingawordmeansknowingitspronunciationandstress;Knowingawordmeansknowingitsspellingandgrammaticalproperties;Knowingawordmeansknowingitsmeaning;Knowingawordmeansknowinghowandwhentouseittoexpresstheintendedmeaning.Whatisaword?Awordisaminimalfreeform.McCarthy(1990:1):“awordmustconsistofatleastonepotentiallyfreestandingmorpheme”.Freemorphemeandboundmorpheme,e.g.doing,table,renew,teacher,textbook,textbooks,underdeveloped,gentlemanlike,greenhouse,babysitterPrefix,suffix,root/stem;complexwords,compoundwordsLearningawordinvolveslearningmorethanjusttheworditself.morphemeswordsphrasesclausessentencesMoreExamples:•“upsidedown”in“Pleasedonotputitupsidedown”.•assoonas;inthesameboat;squarepegsinroundholes;undertheweather•killtwobirdswithonestone•Longtimenosee.Godblessyou.Hedge(2000)Vocabularylearning“involvesatleasttwoaspectsofmeaning.Thefirstaspectinvolvestheunderstandingofitsdenotativeandconnotativemeaning.Thesecondaspectinvolvesunderstandingthesenserelationsamongwords.”8.2.1Denotativemeaningtheprimary,literalorexplicitmeaningofaword,whichrefersto“thosewordsthatweusetolabelthingsasregardsrealobjects,suchasanameorasign,etc.inthephysicalworld.字面意义；外延E.g.“rose”E.g.12Chineseequivalentsof“cousin”Connotativemeaningthemeaningofawordorphrasethatissuggestedorimplied,asopposedtoadenotation,orliteralmeaning隐含意义；内涵“theattitudesoremotionsofalanguageuserinchoosingawordandtheinfluenceoftheseonthelistenerorreader’sinterpretationoftheworld”(Hedge,2000:112)“connotativemeaningderivesfromamixofcultural,political,social,andhistoricalsourcesandlearnerswillbeawareofthisphenomenonintheirownlanguage”butmaynotbesoawareofitinTL.E.g.Theconnotationof“rose”isthatitisasymbolofpassionandlove-thisiswhattheroserepresents.E.g.“dog”8.2.2senserelations1.collocations2.synonyms3.antonyms4.hyponymsCollocations--wordsthatco-occurwithhighfrequencyandhavebeenacceptedaswaysfortheuseofwordsE.g.“seeamovie”,“watchaplay”,“lookatapicture”“heavytraffic”,“heavysmoker”,“heavyrain/snow/fog”Collocationshelpachievefluencyandappropriatenessinlanguagelearning.Synonyms--itemsthatmeanthesame,ornearlythesameE.g.big–huge;enormous—immense;male—masculine(formality);sad—unhappy;stare(insurprise)–glare(inanger)Antonyms--itemsthatmeantheoppositeofawordE.g.cheap—expensive;hot—cold形容词反义词：long–short;wide–narrow;new–old;rough–smooth;light–dark,deep–shallow动词反义词：bring–take;laugh–weep;名词反义词：death–life;love–hatred;副词反义词：merrily--sadly;noisily–quietly介词/连词反义词：after–before;above–below…amatteroflifeanddeath;fromstarttofinis