-1-初中物理电学全部公式一、公示及变换式名称表达式(推导式)变换式备注欧姆定律UI=RUU=IR,R=I功(电能)表达式W=UIt=,I=,t=ItUtUI推导式22W=IRtUW=tR2222=R=,t=RtItIRWRUtWRU=,R=,t=tWU,电功率表达式WP=tWW=Ptt=P,推导式22P=UIP=IRUP=R22PPU=,I=IUPPI=,R=RIUU=PR,R=P焦耳定律表达式2=IRtQ22I=R=,t=RtItIRQQQ,推导式(当电能全部转化为内能时:Q=W)2=UItU=tR=PtQQQ22U=,I=,t=ItUtUIRUtRU=,R=,t=tUP=,t=tPQQQQQQQQ-2-二、针对各物理量的计算公式物理量单位及换算表达式推导式备注电流(I)单位A,mA,μAUI=RPPWI=,I=,I=URUtWI=I=I=,RtRtUtQQ,,单位换算1mA=10-3A,1μA=10-6A电压(U)单位V,mV,KVU=IRPWRU=,U=PR,U=ItRU=,U=,IttQQ单位换算1mV=10-3V,1KV=103V电阻(R)单位Ω,KΩ,MΩUR=I222222UPWR=,R=,R=,PIItUtUtR=,R=,R=,WItQQ单位换算1KΩ=103Ω,1MΩ=106Ω电能/功(W)单位J,KW·hW=UIt22W=PtW=IRtUW=tR,单位换算KW·h=3.6×106J,1J=613.610KW·h电功率(P)单位W,KWWP=t22P=UI,P=IRUP=,P=RtQ单位换算KW=103W热量(Q)单位J2=IRtQ2(W)=UIt,=PtU=tRQQQQ当电能全部转化为内能时:-3-三、在串并联电路中,各物理量的规律电路物理量规律备注串联电路电流(I)I=I1=I2=…=InI1:I2=1:1电压(U)U=U1+U2+…+UnU1:U2=R1:R2电阻(R)R=R1+R2+…+RnR1:R2=U1:U2电能/功(W)W=W1+W2+…+WnW1:W2=U1:U2=R1:R2电功率(P)P=P1+P2+…+PnP1:P2=U1:U2=R1:R2热量(Q)Q=Q1+Q2+…+QnQ1:Q2=U1:U2=R1:R2并联电路电流(I)I=I1+I2+…+InI1:I2=R2:R1电压(U)U=U1=U2=…=UnU1:U2=1:1电阻(R)12n12121111=+++RRRRRRR=R+RR1:R2=I2:I1电能/功(W)W=W1+W2+…+WnW1:W2=I1:I2=R2:R1电功率(P)P=P1+P2+…+PnP1:P2=I1:I2=R2:R1热量(Q)Q=Q1+Q2+…+QnQ1:Q2=I1:I2=R2:R1