China-English

ChinaEnglishVsChinglishxiaolincontent▐Introduction▐Definitions▐Causes▐Festures▐HowtoavoidChinglish▐ConclusionChinaEnglishChinglishChinaEnglishChinglishChinglishChinaEnglishIntroductionSince1960s,theterm“newEnglishes”hasbecomeamajortalkingpointamonglinguists.Later,theuseofEnglishvarietiescametoreplaceit.TheUSscholarBrajKrachruhassuggestedthatwethinkofthespreadofEnglishasthreeconcentriccircles,representingthreedifferentwaysinwhichthelanguagehasbeenacquiredandiscurrentlyusedtheinnercircle,liketheUSA,UK,CanadaandNewZealand;theouterorextendedcircle,whichinvolvesSingapore,IndiathatEnglishhasbeenestablishedasthesecondlanguage;andtheexpandingcircle,includingthosenationswhichrecognizetheimportanceofthelanguageasaninternationallanguagesuchasChina,Greeceandanumberofotherstates(DavidCrystal,2001,p.54).DefinitionofChinaEnglish▐TheconceptofChinaEnglishwasfirstputforwardbyGeChuanguiin1980s.LiWenzhong(1993)maintainsthatChinaEnglishisnotonlyusedinnativeChina.HearguesthatquiteafewChineseborrowingshaveenteredtheEnglishlanguagesandbecomepartofitbytransliterationandloantranslation,eg:tea,kowtow.▐XieZhijunisagainstLiWenzhong‘spoint,XiemakeshiscontributiontoChinaEnglish:ChinaEnglishisaninterferentialEnglishvarietyusedbyChinesepeopleincross-culturalcommunication;itsinterferenceiscausedbytheChineselanguage,thewayofChinesethinkingaswellasChineseculture.ChinaEnglishisbasedonnormativeEnglishandiscapableofenteringtheEnglishlanguages.▐Toaconclusion,ChinaEnglishisbasedonstandardEnglish,whichisacceptableinEnglishcommunication.DifinitionofChinglishorChineseEnglishThephrase“ChineseEnglish”islistedinthebookInternationalEnglishUsageauthoredbyBritishscholarToddandAmericanscholarHancock(1986)whoexpoundChineseEnglishintheaspectsofphonology,lexiconandgrammar.Chinglish,isthatmisshapen,hybridlanguagethatisneitherEnglishnorChinesebutthatmightbedescribedas“EnglishwithChinesecharacteristics”.(TheEnglishLearner`sGuidetoChinglish.JoanPinkham)DifinitionofChinglishorChineseEnglishChinglishreferstospokenorwrittenEnglishlanguagethatisinfluencedbytheChineselanguage.ThetermChinglishiscommonlyappliedtoungrammaticalornonsensicalEnglishinChinesecontexts,andmayhavepejorativeordeprecatingconnotations.ChinglishdoesnotbelongtoappropriateEnglishlanguage.ChinaEnglishChineseEnglishorChinglishTherelationshipbetweenthefourconcepts1.Englishes2.ChinaEnglish3.Chinglish4.Interlanguage1243ThecausesofChinaEnglish1.Transliteration2.Literaltranslation3.ChinesecultureThecausesofChinaEnglish1.Transliterationkowtow叩头Erhu二胡tofu豆腐kungfu功夫ginseng人参Moutai茅台ThecausesofChinaEnglish2.Literaltranslationlaid—offworkers下岗工人specialeconomiczone经济特区floatingpopulation流动人口ThecausesofChinaEnglish3.Chinesecultureensureequityandjustice实现社会公平正义fosteracultureofcleangovernment廉政文化建设onecountry,twosystem一国两制townshipenterprise乡镇企业thestrategyofrevitalizingChinathroughscienceandeducation科教兴国战略ThecausesofChinglish1.Culturaldifference2.Inappropriatecollocation3.Wordforword4.UnnecessarymodifiersCulturaldifferencePorkLungsinChiliSauce干锅鱼头fuckafishheadVSDrypotfishhead宫保鸡丁GovernmentabusechickenVSKungPaoChicken口水鸡spitChickenVSSteamedChickenwithChiliSauceInappropriatecollocation来信写道：theletterwritestheletterreads把中国建设成:buildChinaintoturnChinainto接受九年义务教育：accept9-yearcompulsoryeducationreceivea9-yearcompulsoryschoolingWordforwordWordforword1．wetwowhoandwho!咱俩谁跟谁啊！2．howareyou?howoldareyou?怎么是你？怎么老是你？3．youhaveseed，Iwillgiveyousomecolortoseesee,brothers！togetherup！你有种，我要给你点颜色瞧瞧，兄弟们！一起上！4．asfarasyougotodie！有多远死多远！5．youmeyoume彼此彼此6.YougiveMeStop!!你给我站住！！7.knowisknow，noknowisnoknow...知之为知之，不知为不知…UnnecessarymodifiersEXAMPLE:1.他的名字叫约翰。HisnameiscalledJohn.HisnameisJohn2.加快经济改革的步伐ToacceleratethepaceofeconomicreformToaccelerateeconomicreformThefeaturesofChinaEnglish1.LexicalfeaturesThelexicalfeaturesofChinaEnglisharemainlyshownintheChineseborrowingsenteringEnglish.AccordingtoOxfordDictionary,Thereare1189wordsderivedfromChinese.Forinstance:Putonghua,gongfu,ConfucianismThefeaturesofChinaEnglish2.SyntacticalfeaturesChinaEnglishatthesyntacticlevelbearstheinfluencefromthewayofChinesethinkingandChinesesentencestructures.(1)InthestreetIsawatiger.(2)TolearnEnglishisnoteasy.ThefeaturesofChinaEnglish3.DiscoursefeaturesAtpresent,thestudyofChinaEnglishatdiscourselevelistheweakestamongthelinguisticaspectsofChinaEnglish.Chinesestudentsareleastlikelytousethe“general-particularpattern”andtheirdominantthinkingis“problem-solutionpatternwithahiddenfeature.Theydonotstartanarrationwithsubjectbutmakeahintwithotherthings.ThefeaturesofChinglish1.LexicalfeaturesChineseEnglishisadeformedlanguagevariant.ThevocabularycanbestinterpretthefeaturesofChineseEnglish.Ruanyuhui(2005-4)liststhetypicalfeaturesofChineseEnglish.Forinstance:oldthreeoldfour（老三老四)halfhalf(利益均分)threepiecebook（三本书)ThefeaturesofChinglish2.SyntacticfeaturesChineseEnglishreflectstheinfluenceofChinesesyntaxandgrammarinChinese,verbsarenotconjugated(eitherfortenseorpronoun),andthereisnoequivalentwordforthe.Forinstance:peoplemountainpeoplesea(人山人海）youmeyoume（彼此彼此)knowisknownoknowisnoknow（知之