中安专升本英语教师,阅卷组成员管理学硕士经济英语学士群号:164709164Self-introduction沟通交流励志互相了解,破冰互相监督鹰的故事户籍,学历调查英语语法构成示意图名词专有名词(ProperNouns)普通名词(CommonNouns)个体名词集体名词物质名词抽象名词不可数名词(UncountableNouns)可数名词(CountableNouns)名词考点分析1复数形式5+42名词所有格3主谓一致1.Allthatcanbedone.(安徽专升本10年30题)A.havebeendoneB.hasbeendoneC.havedoneD.hasdone解析:此题综合考查主谓一致,时态,被动语态,all作主语,表单数同时需用被动语态,故选择B。2.——Eachofthehard-workingstudents________togotocollege.——Sodowe.(安徽专升本09年10题)A.hopeB.hopingC.hopedD.hopes解析:此题考查主谓一致,students被each修饰,得用谓语动词的单数形式,故选择D。3.Manyacustomer______aboutthepoorqualityofthewashingmachines.(安徽专升本08年07题)A.complainsB.complainC.arecomplainingD.havecomplained解析:此题考查主谓一致。manya修饰名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,故选择A。不可数名词的特点(1)Tablesaremadeof____.A.woodB.woodsC.woodenD.somewoods(2)Fatherwenttohisdoctorfor____abouthishearttrouble.A.anadviceB.adviceC.advicesD.theadvices(1)没有复数形式;(2)不能直接在前面加不定冠词;表示其数量不能直接在前面加数词,而要用apieceof之类的结构。AB名词复数情况加法例词一般情况以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的词以辅音+y结尾的词以辅音+o结尾的词以f或fe结尾的词加-s加-es去y加-ies多数加-es把f/fe改成vesBrothers;schoolsBuses;watches;dishes*1Ladies;countries;*2Heroes;tomatoes*3thief;leaves;*4*1:stomachstomachs*2:以元音+y的名词,直接在词尾加-s.Eg:boys;toys;但如果以–ch结尾的名词发音为[k]时,只加–s。stomach—stomachs读/s/---Howmanydoesacowhave?---Four.A.stomachesB.stomachC.stomachsD.Stomachies*3:以元音+oeg:videos;studios包括以oo结尾eg:zoos;bamboos;kangaroos一些外来词(特别是音乐方面的词)eg:pianos一些缩写词eg:kilos;photos;memos直接在词尾加-s.复数有规则的和不规则的两种形式,如:cargo---cargos/cargoesmosquito---mosquitos/mosquitoes[mə'ski:təu]volcano---volacnos/volcanoesThe______ofthebuildingarecoveredwithlotsof______.A.roofs;leavesB.rooves;leafsC.roof;leafD.roofs;leafs*4:以f/fe结尾只加-s的词:proofs;gulfs;cliffs;roofs;serfs;beliefs;chiefs一个首领(chief)带着一个农奴(serf)在海湾(gulf)的悬崖(cliff)上发现一个屋顶(roof)上面有个保险箱(safe)。两种方法均可,如handkerchief:handkerchiefs/handkerchieves['hæŋkətʃif]不规则复数:1.man-menEg:woman–women;chairman-chairmen2.oo-eeEg:foot-feet;tooth-teeth;goose-geese3.+enEg:child-children;ox-oxen4.ouse-iceEg:mouse-mice;louse-lice(虱子)来自古英语的复数形式,如:child---children,foot---feet,tooth---teeth,goose---geese,man---men,woman---women,mouse---mice,louse---liceox---oxen,penny---pence,analysis---analyses[ə'næləsi:z],basis['beisis]---bases['beisi:z],ellipsis---ellipses,axis---axes,axis[‘æksis]n.轴;轴心国axes['æksi:z]n.轴线;斧头(axe[æks]的复数)crisis----crisesn.危机,appendix---appendices[复数appendixes或appendices]criterion[krai‘tiəriən]---criteria,n.标准criticise['kriti,saiz]phenomenon[fi‘nɔminən,fə-]---phenomena,datum[’deitəm]---data[‘deitə],medium['mi:diəm,]adj.中间的,半生熟的n.媒体;媒介;中间物--media[‘mi:diə]媒体;媒质bacterium[bæk'tiəriəm]---bacteria,n.细菌focus---foci[‘fəuki,’fəukəsai],n.焦点radius---radiin.半径,terminus---terminin.终点nucleus---nuclei,fungus['fʌŋɡəs]---fungi['fʌŋɡai],n.真菌stimulus['stimjuləs]---stimuli['stimjulai]n.刺激,alumnus[ə‘lʌmnəs]---alumni[ə’lʌmnai],n.男校友;男毕业生alumna[ə'lʌmnə]--alumnae[ə'lʌmni:]n.女校友formula['fɔ:mjulə]---formulae['fɔ:mjuli:]n.公式larva['lɑ:və]---larvae['la:vi:],n.幼虫alga['ælɡə]---algae['ældʒi:],n.藻类单复数相同的情况:sheep;deer;means;fish;works;species['spi:ʃi:z]n.[生物]物种;Chinese;Japanese以及由汉语音译表示度量衡、货币等单位的名词。Eg:yuan,jiao,fen,jin,muWhenthefarmerreturnedhomehefoundthree______missing.A.sheepsB.sheepesC.sheepD.sheepies以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:a.maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。b.news是不可数名词。c.theUnitedStates,theUnitedNations应视为单数。TheUnitedNationswasorganizedin1945.d.以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。TheArabianNightsisaveryinterestingstory-book.一千零一夜是一本非常有趣的故事书。MrSmithhastwo______,bothofwhomareteachersinaschool.A.brothers-in-lawB.brother-in-lawsC.brothers-in-lawsD.brothers-inlaw以连字符号连接的合成名词一般将中心名词变成复数,如:fathers-in-law。如果没有中心名词就在该合成词的最后加–s。如:grown-ups。定语名词的复数名词作定语一般用单数,但也有以下例外。1)用复数作定语。例如:sportsmeeting运动会studentsreading-room学生阅览室talkstable谈判桌theforeignlanguagesdepartment外语系2)man,woman,gentleman等作定语时,其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。例如:menworkerswomenteachersgentlemenofficialsThe______isjustaroundthecornerandyouwon’tmissit.A.bicycle’sshopB.bicycleshopC.bicyclesshopD.bicycles’shopThereareonlytwelve_____inthehospital.A.womandoctorsB.womendoctorsC.womendoctorD.womandoctorman,woman,gentleman等作定语时,其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。如:amanworker→menworkersawomanteacher→womenteachersagentlemanofficial→gentlemenofficials3)有些原有s结尾的名词,作定语时,s保留。如:goodstrain(货车)armsproduce武器生产customspapers海关文件clothesbrush衣刷4)数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式。例如:two-dozeneggs两打鸡蛋aten-milewalk十英里路two-hundredtrees两百棵树afive-yearplan.一个五年计划Ittookusquitealongtimetogethere.Itwas________journey.A.three-hourB.athreehourC.athree-hourD.threehours“数词+名词”构成的合成词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式。如:aten-milewalk;afive-yearplan但是如果不用连字符,就需用复数的所有格。国籍的单复数Some______visitedourschoollastWednesday.A.GermanB.GermenC.GermansD.Germens国家人的名词需要记住三种情况:1、单复数同形:Chinese;Japanese;Swiss2、需要变形:English-Englishman3、加–s或-es:German–Germans详见下表。国籍的单复数变化主要有以下三种情况一、单复数同形如:Chinese,Japanese,Swiss等。当它们与定冠词连用时,表示复数或总称。1)TheChinesearedifferentfromJapanese.2)TheChinesearehard-working.也可与不定冠词连用,表示单数。如:3)IamaChinese.4)HeisaJapanese.二、单复数形式不同。如:English,French,Swedish,Spanish等。当它们与定冠词连用时,也表示总称。如:5)TheEnglishliketoplayfootball.6)TheFrenchbelongtothewhiterace.当这些词与不定冠词连用表示单数时,则需用其单数形式。如:anE