现在分词与过去分词的区别

现在分词与过去分词的区别临高中学赖晓菁2013年6月20日现在分词与过去分词的区别主要表现在语态和时间两个方面一、语态的区别：1．及物动词的现在分词与过去分词在语态上的区别：现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。例如：surprising/surprisedexciting/excitedmoving/movedinteresting/interestedfrightening/frightened现在分词与过去分词的区别◆Theresultofthetestisdisappointing．考试成绩令人失望。◆Hefeltdisappointedintheresultofthetest.他对考试成绩感到失望。2．不及物动词的现在分词与过去分词：在语态上，不及物动词的现在分词与过去分词没有区别，因为它们都表示主动意义。它们的区别主要表现在时间方面。例如:fallingleaves正在下落的树叶fallenleaves落在地上的树叶、thechangingworld正在改变的世界thechangedworld已经发生改变的世界二、时间的区别：一般地讲，现在分词表示动作正在进行，过去分词表示动作已经完成。例如：◆Thehousebeingbuiltoverthereisashop．那里正在建造的房子是一家商店。（正在进行）◆Thehousebuiltoverthereisashop．那里已建好的房子是一家商店。（已经完成）◆Thequestionsdiscussedjustnowarequiteeasy，butthosebeingdiscussedareverydifficult．刚讨论的问题相当容易，但正在讨论的问题却很难（前者表示已经完成，后者表示正在进行。）developingcountry发展中国家developedcountry发达国家boilingwater正在沸腾的水boiledwater开水aretiredworker退休工人anescapedprisoner逃犯returnedstudents归国留学生theexplodedbomb爆炸过的炸弹现在分词和过去分词用法区别1.分词作定语分词作定语时，单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前，分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面。现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(与名词有主谓关系)，过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(与名词是动宾关系)。E.g..◆Thisisreallyanexhaustingdaytoallofus!◆Wecanseethepartofthemoonlightedbysunlight.◆TheyoungsittingbetweenmysisterandmybrotherismycousinJack.2.分词作表语分词作表语通常看作形容词来用。现在分词表示主语的性质，而且主语多为物；过去分词表示主语的心理感受或状态，主语多为人。◆Thefilm“HarryPotter”isreallyexciting,andIamexcitedaboutit.◆Hisresponsetothequestionwasquitedisappointing.Ireallyfeltdisappointedathisresponse.3.分词作宾语补足语现在分词在see,watch,hear,observe,notice,feel,find,glimpse,glance等感官动词和lookat,listento等短语动词以及have,keep,get,catch,leave,set,start,send等使役动词后面与名词和代词构成复合宾语，作宾语补语的成分。例如1、Onthetopofthehill,wecouldseesmokerisingfromthechimneysinthevillage.2、Theboysatbesidetherailwaylineandwatchedthetrainsroaringby.3、Weshouldnotleavehimwonderingwhatheshoulddo.4、Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforsuchalongtime.5、Icaughthimdoingsomethingelseinclass.过去分词可以在allow,ask,consider,desire,expect,feel,find,get,have,hear,imagine,keep,like,make,observe,order,permit,prefer,remember,request,require,see,urge等动词等后面作宾语补足语。例如1、Iexpectedyouwellpreparedfortheexamination.2、Youshouldkeepherinformedofwhatisgoingonhere.注意：在动词see,hear,feel,watch,notice，perceive，observe,listento,lookat后既可用现在分词做补语,也可用（不带to的）不定式做补语。用现在分词表示动作正在进行,用不定式表示的动作的全过程已经完成。例如IsawMr.Whitegetoffabus.IsawMr.Whitelookingintoashopwindow.—Doyouhearsomeoneknockingatthedoor?—Yes,Idid.Iheardhimknockthreetimes.4.分词作状语分词在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果（补充说明）、让步、伴随等。分词做状语时，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。作状语的分词相当于一个状语从句。例如◆Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.=（Whentheyarehearingthenews……）◆Usingwhatyouknowofwordstemsandwordformations,youcanmakeaguessatthemeaningofanewword.=（whenyouareusing……）1、Thestudentswentoutoftheclassroom,laughingandtalking.2、Accompaniedbyhisfriend,hewenttotherailwaystation.3、Givenbetterattention,theplantscouldgrowbetter.4、Helookedtiredanddepressed,visiblydisturbedbythenewsofhismother'sillness.分词在句子中作状语，使用何种分词，要取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主谓关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。Eg.◆Nothavingenoughhands,weturnedtothemforhelp.(wedon'thaveenoughhands)◆Taughtbymistakes,wehavebecomewiser(wearetaught/teachus)习题精选---分词用法:1.Theboywenttotheball,＿likeaprettygirl.A.dressingB.wearingC.woreD.dressed2.Theplanisheard_____sowellthatwedon’thavetomakeanychanges.A.todesignB.designingC.designedD.design3.Thefilmwasmade＿onatrueoldstory.A.baseB.tobebasedC.basedD.basingDCC不及物动词表示动作的完成4.When＿,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.A.completedB.completingC.beingcompletedD.tobecompleted5.＿tohisresearch,healmostforgoteverything.A.DevotingB.DevotedC.TodevoteD.DevoteAB6._____niceanddelicious,thefriedchic-kenwassoonsoldout.A.TastedB.BeingtastedC.TastingD.Totaste7.＿onhisnovel,hedidn’tnoticetheteachercoming.A.FixedB.FixingC.FixD.Tofix8._____thedistancewastoolongandthetimewasshort,wedecidednottodrivetoFlorida.A.DiscoveringB.TodiscoverC.TohavediscoveredD.DiscoveredCAA9.＿suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Suffered10.＿thepast,ourlifeisbecomingmuchbetter.A.ComparingwithB.BecomparedwithC.TocomparewithD.Comparedwith11.Theboywaslastseen＿neartheEastLake.A.playingB.playC.playedD.toplayADA12.Tomwasveryunhappyfor＿totheparty.A.havingnotbeeninvitedB.nothavinginvitedC.havingnotinvitedD.nothavingbeeninvited13.WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor＿“Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.”A.readB.readsC.readingD.toreadDC14._____thatitwasgoingtosnow,theclimbersdecidedtoputofftheirattemptonthehighestmountain.A.HavingtoldB.HavingbeentoldC.TellD.Telling15.＿ofplastics,themachinesareeasytocarry.A.TomakeB.HavingmadeC.BeingmadeD.MadeBDThankyouforattendingGoodBye!