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二、名词一、名词：具体或抽象的事物。1)dog,boy,car,book,window,day2)class,team,family,police3)water,tea,milk,coffee,meat,gold4)friendship,health,beauty,time其中集体名词被当作一个整体时，要看作是单数，用单数的谓语动词。但当这些名词里的具体事物的各成员是被逐一单独考虑时，就用复数的谓语动词。Thefootballteamisplayingwell.这个足球队踢得好。Thefootballteamarehavingbathsandarecomingbackfortea.足球队员们正在洗澡，然后他们就回来喝茶。Thefamilyisahappyone.这是一个幸福的家庭。Myfamilyareverypleasedaboutthegoodnews.这个好消息使我全家人都很高兴。XiaoMingisaChinese.小名是个中国人。TheChinesearebraveandsmart.中国人很勇敢智慧。二、难点：名词的复数情况构成方法读音例词一般情况加-s1.清辅音后读/s/;2.浊辅音和元音后读/z/map-mapsbag-bagscar-carsce,se,ze,(d)ge结尾的词加-s读/iz/house-housesface-faces以s,sh,ch,x结尾的词加-es读/iz/bus-buseswatch-watchesbox-boxes以o结尾的词无生命的加-s读/z/photo-photospiano-pianoszoo-zoos有生命的加-estomato-tomatoespotato-potatoeshero-heroes以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y为i再加-es读/z/baby-babiescity-citiesmonkey-monkeys以f,fe结尾的词变f,fe为v再加-esleaf-leavesknife-knives例外：roof-roofsThethief’swifekilledawolfwithaknifeandaleaf.不规则变化：man→men男人woman→women女人foot→feet脚tooth→teeth牙goose→geese鹅mouse→mice鼠ox→oxen公牛child→children儿童单复数同形：deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese,yuan（注意西方货币有复数dollars,pounds）只用复数的词：trousers裤子goods货物clothes衣物glasses眼镜scissors剪刀people人有的名词既可以做可数名词，又可以做不可数名词。glass玻璃玻璃杯paper纸文件、试卷、报重要提示：1、单数可数名词永远不可以单独存在。例句：牛在天上飞。Oxisflyinginthesky.×Anoxisflyinginthesky.√Oxenareflyinginthesky.√2、形如“num-n-adj”结构内的名词永远单数。此形式相当于一个形容词。如：三米长three-meter-long如果连字符，中间的名词不变复数式。例：Amyisaseven-year-oldgirl.Amy是个7岁的小女孩。三、不可数名词不可数名词不能被a,an,many等直接修饰。但它们可以借助单位词表一定的数量。如：aglassofwater一杯水apieceofadvice一条建议apieceofpaper一张纸四、可数名词和不可数名词各有其不同的修饰语①只修饰可数名词单数的如a/an，one，another，either，neither，every，manya等。Idon’tlikethisbook,givemeanotherone.我不喜欢这本书,请另外给我一本。Neithershoefeelscomfortable.两只鞋都感觉不舒服。Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.[谚]一天一个苹果,医生不上门(比喻不生病)。②只修饰可数名词复数的如these，those，few，many，agreatnumberof，both，several及二以上的数词等。Thereareafewapplesonthetable.桌子上有几个苹果。Therearefewapplesonthetable.桌子上几乎没苹果。Weretheremanypeopleatthemeeting?有很多人到会吗?③只修饰不可数名词的如alittle(表示“少”，并非“小”)，abitof，much，agreat/gooddealof，agreat/large/smallamountof等。Thereisalittlemilkinthebottle.瓶子里有点牛奶。Thereislittlemilkinthebottle.瓶子里没大有牛奶了。Therewassomuchfoodthatwecouldn’teatitall.食物太多了，我们吃不完。④既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的有the，some，any，no，all，alarge/smallquantityof，other，half，one-third等。some在解释为“某一”，any在解释为”任何”时也可修饰可数名词单数。this和that只能修饰可数名词单数和不可数名词，last，next，theother和序数词只能修饰可数名词单数和复数。Ihavesomebooks.我有一些书。Thereissomewateronthedesk.桌子上有些水。五、名词的所有格在英语中有些名词可以加’s来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：ateacher’sbook。名词所有格的规则如下：1）单数名词词尾加’s。2）若名词已有复数词尾s，只加’，如：Teachers’Day教师节。复数名词如果词尾没有s，要加’s，如men’sroom男厕所，Children’sDay儿童节。3）所有格’s的形式一般都可以变成“名词+of+名词”的形式，如thissong’sname可以变成nameofthissong。4）人名+s表示某一家人。theGreens格林一家人名+s+’表示某一家人的住所。theGreens’格林的家TheGreenswenttoChinathissummer.格林一家暑假去了中国。IwenttotheGreens’yesterday.我昨天去了格林的家。5）如果两个名词并列，并且分别有’s，则表示“分别有”；只有一个’s，则表示“共有”。如：John’sandMary’srooms（两间）JohnandMary’sroom（一间）6）双重所有格。’s所有格有时可以和of所有格结合在一起表示所有关系，这叫做”双重所有格”。Heisafriendofmybrother’s.他是我弟弟的一位朋友。I’mstayingwithafriendofmine.我打算和我的一位朋友住在一起。Iborrowedanecklaceofyours.我借了你的一条项链。1.Allthehavethree.A.hero;photoB.heros;photosC.heroes;photoesD.heroes;photos2.Agroupofareeatingandatthefootofthehill.A.sheep;grass;leavesB.sheeps;grasses;leavesC.sheep;grass;leafD.sheeps;grass;leafs3.Allthearemadeof,notplastics.A.glass;glassB.glasses;glassC.glass;glassesD.glasses;glasses4.—Whatdidyousee?—Isawpolicethere.A.manyB.muchC.littleD.the5.fisharethereinthatbowl?A.HowmuchB.HowmanyC.DoyouknowhowmuchD.What’sthenumberof6.Thecomeouttothefarm.A.cowB.dogC.deerD.horse7.isneededincoldcountries.A.AlotofclothesB.MuchclothingC.ManyaclothD.Lotsofclothes10.aresoldinthenewstore.A.Manandchild’sshoesB.Men’sandchildren’sshoesC.MenandchildrenshoesD.Men’sandchild’sshoes12.Juliewenttothetobuyapairofshoes.A.shoesstoreB.shoestoreC.shoe’sstoreD.shoes’store13.—Whatwouldyouliketodrink?—I’dlike,please.A.acoffeecupB.smallcoffeeC.alittlecoffeeD.acupcoffee14.Biologyis.A.scienceoflifeB.scienceofthelifeC.thescienceofthelifeD.thescienceoflife15.I’llgiveyoutofinishit.A.two-weekstimeB.twoweekstimeC.twoweeks’timeD.twoweek’stime16.—Howfaristhehospital?—Aboutwalk.A.five-minuteB.five-minute’sC.fiveminutes’D.fiveminutes19.—“Whosehatisit?”—It’shat.A.somebodyelse’sB.somebodyelseC.somebody’selse’sD.somebody’selse20.MikeandJohn’s.A.fatherisateacherB.fathersareteachersC.fatherareteachersD.fathersareteacher21.Howmanydoyouwant?A.breadB.breadsC.pieceofbreadD.piecesofbread22.MissSmithisafriendof.A.Mary’smother’sB.Mary’smotherC.mother’sofMaryD.Marymother23.Ifthesetrousersaretoobig,buyasmaller.A.setB.oneC.copyD.pair24.Thenumberofpeopleinvitedfifty,butanumberofthemabsent(缺席的).A.were;wasB.was;wasC.was;wereD.were;were