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冰雪项目iceandsnowsportsBeijingisplanningtolisticeandsnowsportsasacompulsorycourseforprimaryandmiddleschoolstudents,announcedbymunicipalauthoritiesatthe2016InternationalWinterSports(Beijing)ExpositiononThursday.Theauthorityishopingthestudentscandoatleastonetypeofwintersportinthefuture.体育局领导表示，未来要让每个孩子掌握至少一项冬季运动技能。今年以来，冰雪运动项目（iceandsnowsports）在北京受到了空前的关注和扶持。目前北京市已经有20处室内冰场（indooricerinks）和20片季节性的室外冰场（outdooricerinks），到2022年，全市将新建标准室内冰场16座，室外冰场50座。根据北京市冰雪产业的发展布局，雪场（skiresorts）将主要分布在郊区，城六区将主要新建冰场。学校的课程一般分为必修课（compulsorycourse）和选修课（optionalcourse）。北京市计划将冰雪运动列入必修课内容意味着未来全体北京中小学生必须修习一项冰雪运动并且掌握该技能。对于像冰球（hockey）等修习成本较高的冰雪项目，政府将提供资金支持。滑冰英语词汇短跑道速度滑冰:ShortTrackSpeedSkating装备:手套Gloves头盔Helmet护颈NeckProtection连身服RacingSuit护腿板ShinProtection冰鞋Boots冰刀Blades花样滑冰:单人滑SingleSkating双人滑PairSkating冰舞IceDance速度滑冰:SpeedSkating冰上项目5个大项：速度滑冰Speedskating【Speedskating】isacompetitiveformoficeskatinginwhichthecompetitorsraceeachotherintravellingacertaindistanceonskates.Typesofspeedskatingarelongtrackspeedskating,shorttrackspeedskating,andmarathonspeedskating.IntheOlympicGames,long-trackspeedskatingisusuallyreferredtoasjustspeedskating,whileshort-trackspeedskatingisknownasshorttrack.TheISU,thegoverningbodyofbothicesports,referstolongtrackasspeedskatingandshorttrackasshorttrackskating.短道速滑ShortTrack【Shorttrack】speedskatingisonlyabout100yearsoldandaproductofNorthAmerica.Speedskating,however,datesbackto13thcenturyHolland.ShorttrackspeedskatingoriginatedinCanadaandtheUnitedStatesin1905withthefirstknowncompetitionhavingtakenplacein1909.Bythe1920sand30s,thesportwasgainingpopularityinGreatBritain,Japan,France,BelgiumandAustralia.WhileshorttrackspeedskatingbecamepartoftheInternationalSkatingUnion(ISU)in1967,itwasn'tuntil1976thatofficialISUcompetitionsbegan.花样滑冰FigureSkating【Figureskating】isasportandactivityinwhichindividuals,duos,orgroupsperformonfigureskatesonice.ItwasthefirstwintersportincludedintheOlympics,in1908.ThefourOlympicdisciplinesaremen'ssingles,ladies'singles,pairskating,andicedancing.Non-Olympicdisciplinesincludesynchronizedskatingandfourskating.Fromintermediatethroughsenior-levelcompetition,skatersgenerallyperformtwoprograms(shortandlong)which,dependingonthediscipline,mayincludespins,jumps,movesinthefield,lifts,throwjumps,deathspirals,andotherelementsormoves.冰球IceHockey【Icehockey】isacontactteamsportplayedonice,usuallyinarink,inwhichtwoteamsofskatersusetheirstickstoshootavulcanizedrubberpuckintotheiropponent'snettoscorepoints.Icehockeyteamsusuallyconsistoffourlinesofthreeforwards,threepairsofdefensemen,andtwogoaltenders.Normally,eachteamhasfiveplayerswhoskateupanddowntheicetryingtotakethepuckandscoreagoalagainsttheopposingteam.冰壶Curling【Curling】isasportinwhichplayersslidestonesonasheetoficetowardsatargetareawhichissegmentedintofourconcentriccircles.Itisrelatedtobowls,boulesandshuffleboard.Twoteams,eachwithfourplayers,taketurnsslidingheavy,polishedgranitestones,alsocalledrocks,acrosstheicecurlingsheettowardsthehouse,acirculartargetmarkedontheice.Eachteamhaseightstones.Thepurposeistoaccumulatethehighestscoreforagame;pointsarescoredforthestonesrestingclosesttothecentreofthehouseattheconclusionofeachend,whichiscompletedwhenbothteamshavethrownalloftheirstones.Agameusuallyconsistsofeightortenends.雪上项目10个大项：冬季两项Biathlon越野滑雪CrossCountry高山滑雪AlphineSkiing北欧两项NordicCombined跳台滑雪SkiJumping自由式滑雪FreestyleSkiing单板滑雪Snowboarding有舵雪橇Bobsled*无舵雪橇Luge*有舵雪橇，也有的翻译成“雪车”俯式冰橇Skeleton****俯式冰橇，也有的翻译成“钢架雪车”速降downhill冬季奥运会体育项目中英文对照1大项名称：冬季两项（Biathlon）*包括10个小项，10块金牌中，男子项目5块，女子项目5块1男子20公里个人赛Men's20kmIndividual2男子10公里竞速赛**Men's10kmSprint3男子12.5公里追逐赛Men's12.5kmPursuit4男子4x7.5公里接力Men's4x7.5kmRelay5男子15公里集体出发赛Men's15kmMassStart6女子15公里个人赛Women's15kmIndividual7女子7.5公里竞速赛**Women's7.5kmSprint8女子10公里追逐赛Women's10kmPursuit9女子4x6公里接力Women's4x6kmRelay10女子12.5公里集体出发赛Women's12.5kmMassStart*冬季两项中的两项，指越野滑雪和射击**竞速赛，又译“短距离”2大项名称：越野滑雪(CrossCountrySkiing)共计包括12个小项，12块金牌中，男子项目6块，女子项目6块女子15公里（7.5+7.5）追逐赛Ladies'15kmPursuit(7.5+7.5)女子团体Ladies'TeamSprint女子古典式10公里*Ladies'10kmClassical女子4*5公里接力Ladies'4x5kmRelay女子竞速赛**Ladies'Sprint女子30公里自由式集体出发Ladies'30kmFree,Massstart男子30公里（15+15）追逐赛Men's30kmPursuit(15+15)男子团体Men'sTeamSprint男子古典式15公里*Men's15kmClassical男子4*10公里接力Men's4x10kmRelay男子竞速赛**Men'sSprint男子50公里自由式集体出发Men's50kmFree,Massstart*古典式，又译“传统技术”**竞速赛，又译“短距离”3大项名称：冰壶Curling包括2个小项，2块金牌中，男子项目1块，女子项目1块。男子、女子项目表示性别的词语用的是Men和Women比赛第一阶段是循环赛，共计十二轮，叫做RoundRobin，轮次用Session一次。如男子循环赛第10轮叫Men'sRoundRobin,Session10。第二阶段是同分附加赛，叫Tie-breaker，之后是半决赛Semifinals，然后是铜牌战BronzeMedalGame和金牌战GoldMedalGame4大项名称：花样滑冰FigureSkating共计4个小项，4块金牌中，男子项目1块，女子项目1块，男女配对项目2块1双人滑PairsFigureSkating比赛分2个阶段：短节目ShortProgram和自由滑FreeSkating2男子单人滑MenFigureSkating比赛分2个阶段：短节目ShortProgram和自由滑FreeSkating3冰上舞蹈IceDancing比赛分3个阶段：规定舞CompulsoryDance、创编舞OriginalDance和自由舞FreeDance4女子单人滑Ladies'FigureSkating比赛分2个阶段：短节目ShortProgram和自由滑FreeSkating另外，奥会会比赛结束后，另有一场花样滑冰表演ExhibitionGala5大项名称：自由式滑雪FreestyleSkiing共有4个小项，4块金牌中，男子项目2块，女子项目2块1男子雪上技巧Men'sMoguls2男子空中技巧Men'sAerials3女子雪上技巧Ladies'Moguls4女子空中技巧Ladies'Aerials6大项名称：冰球IceHockey包括男子、女子两个小项，Men'sIceHockey/Women