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2000年-2015年专八短文改错试题2015年3月21日专业八级考试改错WhenIwasinmyearlyteens,Iwastakentoaspectacularshowonicebythemotherofafriend.Lookedroundatheluxuryofthe1.______rink,myfriend’smotherremarkedonthe“plush”seatswehadbeengiven.Ididnotknowwhatshemeant,andbeingproudofmy2.______vocabulary,Itriedtoinferitsmeaningfromthecontext.“Plush”wasclearlyintendedasacomplimentary,apositiveevaluation;that3.______muchIcouldtellitfromthetoneofvoiceandthecontext.SoI4.______startedtousetheword.Yes,Ireplied,theycertainlyareplush,andsoaretheicerinkandthecostumesoftheskaters,aren’tthey?Myfriend’smotherwasverypolitetocorrectme,butIcouldtellfromher5.______expressionthatIhadnotgotthewordquiteright.Oftenwecanindeedinferfromthecontextwhatawordroughlymeans,andthatisinfactthewaywhichweusuallyacquireboth6.______newwordsandnewmeaningsforfamiliarwords,speciallyinour7.______ownfirstlanguage.Butsometimesweneedtoask,asIshouldhaveaskedforPlush,andthisisparticularlytrueinthe8.______aspectofaforeignlanguage.Ifyouarecontinuallysurroundedby9.______speakersofthelanguageyouarelearning,youcanaskthemdirectly,butoftenthisopportunitydoesnotexistforthelearnerofEnglish.Sodictionarieshavebeendevelopedtomendthegap.10.______2014改错Thereiswidespreadconsensusamongscholarsthatsecondlanguageacquisition(SLA)emergedasadistinctfieldofresearchfromthelate1950stoearly1960s.Thereisahighlevelofagreementthatthefollowingquestions(1)______havepossessedthemostattentionofresearchersinthisarea:(2)______lIsitpossibletoacquireanadditionallanguageinthesamesenseoneacquiresafirstlanguage?(3)______lWhatistheexplanationforthefactadultshave(4)______moredifficultyinacquiringadditionallanguagesthanchildrenhave?lWhatmotivatespeopletoacquireadditionallanguage?lWhatistheroleofthelanguageteachinginthe(5)______acquisitionofadditionallanguages?lWhatsocial-culturalfactors,ifany,arerelevantinstudyingthelearningofadditionallanguages?Fromacheckoftheliteratureofthefielditisclearthatall(6)______theapproachesadoptedtostudythephenomenaofSLAsofarhaveonethingincommon:Theperspectiveadoptedtoviewtheacquiringofanadditionallanguageisthatofanindividualattemptstodo(7)______so.Whetheronelabelsit“learning”or“acquiring”anadditionallanguage,itisanindividualaccomplishmentorwhatisunder(8)______focusisthecognitive,psychological,andinstitutionalstatusofanindividual.Thatis,thespotlightisonwhatmentalcapabilitiesareinvolving,whatpsychologicalfactorsplayaroleinthelearning(9)______oracquisition,andwhetherthetargetlanguageislearntintheclassroomoracquiredthroughsocialtouchwithnativespeakers.(10)______2013专八短文改错试题．Psycho-linguisticsisthenamegiventothestudyofthepsychologicalprocessesinvolvedinlanguage.Psycholinguisticsstudyunderstanding,productionandrememberinglanguage,andhenceareconcernedwith(1)_____listening,reading,speaking,writing,andmemoryforlanguage.Onereasonwhywetakethelanguageforgrantedisthatitusually(2)______happenssoeffortlessly,andmostoftime,soaccurately.(3)______Indeed,whenyoulistentosomeonetospeaking,orlookingatthispage,(4)______younormallycannothelpbutunderstandit.Itisonlyinexceptionalcircumstanceswemightbecomeawareofthecomplexity(5)______involved:ifwearesearchingforawordbutcannotrememberit;ifarelativeorcolleaguehashadastrokewhichhasinfluenced(6)______theirlanguage;ifweobserveachildacquirelanguage;if(7)______wetrytolearnasecondlanguageourselvesasanadult;orifwearevisuallyimpairedorhearing-impairedorifwemeetanyoneelsewhois.Asweshallsee,alltheseexamples(8)______ofwhatmightbecalled“languageinexceptionalcircumstances”revealagreatdealabouttheprocessesevolvedinspeaking,(9)______listening,writingandreading.Butgiventhatlanguageprocesseswerenormallysoautomatic,wealsoneedtocarryoutcareful(10)______experimentstogetatwhatishappening.2012年Thecentralproblemoftranslatinghasalwaysbeenwhethertotranslateliterallyorfreely.Theargumenthasbeengoingsinceatleastthefirst(1)______centuryB.C.Uptothebeginningofthe19thcentury,manywritersfavouredcertainkindof“free”translation:thespirit,nottheletter;the(2)_______sensenottheword;themessagerathertheform;thematternot(3)_______themanner.Thisistheoftenrevolutionarysloganofwriterswho(4)_______wantedthetruthtobereadandunderstood.Thenintheturnof19th(5)_______century,whenthestudyofculturalanthropologysuggestedthatthelinguisticbarrierswereinsuperableandthatthelanguage(6)_______wasentirelytheproductofculture,theviewtranslationwasimpossible(7)_______gainedsomecurrency,andwithitthat,ifwasattemptedatall,itmustbeas(8)_______literalaspossible.Thisviewculminatedthestatementofthe(9)_______extreme“literalists”WalterBenjaminandVladimirNobokov.Theargumentwastheoretical:thepurposeofthetranslation,thenatureofthereadership,thetypeofthetext,wasnotdiscussed.Toooften,writer,translatorandreaderwereimplicitlyidentifiedwitheachother.Now,thecontexthaschanged,andthebasicproblemremains.(10)_____2011年专八真题改错部分Fromaveryearlyage,perhapstheageoffiveorsix,IknewthatwhenIgrewIshouldbeawriter.Betweentheagesofabout1__________seventeenandtwenty-fourItriedtoabandonthisidea,butIdidsowiththeconsciencethatIwasoutragingmytruenatureandthat2___________soonorlate