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宾语从句TeachingAims：让学生通过学习宾语从句，能正确做题，并能在交际及写作中正确运用。MainandDifficultPoints:时态中的细化角度，以及含宾语从句的反意疑问句。Analysis:宾语从句在初中语法中是重点，中考选择题必有一道。TeachingProcedure:1定义的角度：在复合句中充当宾语成分的句子叫宾语从句。egIknowyou.(主+谓+宾）Iknowyouareastudent.(主+谓+宾语从句)2从解题的角度：①语序的角度：从句总是要用陈述句的语序（主谓不倒装）Whataretheytalkingabout?Iwanttoknow.Iwanttoknowwhattheyaretalkingabout.HowcanIgettothetrainstation?Canyoutellme?CanyoutellmehowIcangettothetrainstation?②从时态的角度：a.如果主句是一般现在时，从句根据情况使用任何一种时态。Iknowyouareateacher.(一般现在时)Iknowyouwereateacherthreeyearsago.（一般过去时）Iknowyouwillbeateachernextyear.(一般将来时)(主现从任)b.如果主句是一般过去时，从句就要根据时间状语而用相应的过去的某种时态。Iheardyouhadabadcold.（一般过去时）HeaskedmewhatIwasdoinglastnight(过去进行时)Hetoldmethathehadfinishedhishomeworklastnight.（过去完成）Iknewyouwouldbeateachernextyear.(过去将来)（主过从过）c.如果从句是客观真理时，它永远都用一般现在时。Theteachertells/toldthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.（主任从现）注意：时态：十二字方针：主过从过，主现从任，主任从现⑶从连接词的角度：a当陈述句变为宾语从句时，用that连接，而且that可省略Youareastudent.(改为宾语从句）Iknow(that)youareastudent注意：that不可省略的情况1.宾语从句中的主语是that时Eg：Shetoldmethatthatwasausefulbook.2.有多个宾语从句，第一个可以省略，其他不可以Eg:Shesaid(that)thefilmwasinterestingandthatsheenjoyedseeingit.3.在主从复合句中（that引导的宾从中又含有从句时that一般不省略）Eg:I'mafraidthatifyoulosethebookyou’llpayforit.Ithinkthatifyoustudyhardyouwillpassthetest.4.主语和宾语之间有插入语时Eg:Hetoldme,believeitornot,thathewouldbuyacar.5.当it作形式宾语代替that引导的宾语从句时Eg:Theymakeitcleartothepublicthattheydoanimportantjob.b当一般疑问句变为宾语从句时，用if或whether连接.Areyouastudent?Iwonder.Iwonderif/whetheryouareastudent.DoeshelikelearningEnglish?Doyouknow?Doyouknowif/whetherhelikeslearningEnglish?注意:下列情况一般用whether不用if后接ornot时只用whetherEg:Idon’tknowwhethershewillcomeornot.引导从句作介词宾语时Eg:IaminterestedinwhetheryoulikeEnglish.IamworriedaboutwhetherIhurthisfeelings.We'rethinkingaboutwhetherwecanfinishtheworkontime后接to的不定式Eg:I’muncertainwhethertogoornot若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether.如：Pleaseletmeknowifyoulikethebook可理解为：Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryoulikethebook请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。Ifyoulikethebookpleaseletmeknow你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如：Whetherthisistrueornot，Ican'tsay．这是否真的我说不上来。引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如：Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion．她是否能来还是个问题。Thequestioniswhetherwecancatchthebus．问题是我们能否赶上公共汽补充；只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句1.if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”Thestudentswillgoonapicnicifitissunny.2.if引导否定概念的宾语从句时HeaskedifIdidn’tcometoschoolyesterday.3.引导状语从句evenif（即使）和asif（好象）时Eg:Hetalksasifhehasknownallaboutit.c当特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时，用疑问词作连接词（即保留疑问词不变）;常见疑问词包括疑问代词（what,who,which,whom,whose）和疑问副词（when,where,how,why）Whereareyougoing?Idon’tknow.Idon’tknowwhereyouaregoing.连接代词：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。DoyouknowwhohaswonRedAlertgame?ThebookwillshowyouwhatthebestCEOsshouldknow.Haveyoudeterminedwhichyoushouldbuy,aMotorolaorNokiacellphone?连接副词有：when,where,why,how，在句中担任状语的成分。Hedidn’ttellmewhenweshouldmeetagain.Couldyoupleasetellmehowyouusethenewpanel?Noneofusknowswherethesenewpartscanbebought.注意：语序为陈述语序附加1祈使句变为非谓语：“Don’tplayfootballinthestreet,”teachersaid.(变为一个句子）Teachertoldusnottoplayfootballinthestreet.祈使句转换成一个句子往往用固定句型：tell/asksb.(not)todosth.附加2含宾语从句的反意疑问句a一般情况下，反意疑问句部分的主谓跟主句保持一致。Hethinksthatyouareagoodman,doesn’the?b.当主句的主语是第一人称“I”时，反意疑问部分的主谓应跟从句保持一致Ithinkthatyouareagoodman,aren’tyou?c.当主句的谓语动词是thinkbelievesupposeexpect等表示“认为，想法”的动词时，常有否定转移，即用否定主句来实现对从句的否定，所以，要注意否定转移时的反意疑问句。Idon’tthinkthatyouareagoodstudent,areyou?Idon’tbelievethatmaniskilledbyJim,ishe?Wesupposeyouhavefinishedtheproject,haven'tyou?IexpectourEnglishteacherwillbebackthisweekend,won'tshe/he?另外，如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词(不包含带有否定前缀的词，如：unhappy，unfair，dislike等相当于肯定，后面反疑问句用否定，如Tomisunhappytoday,isn’the?),其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.Wefindthathenever/hardlylistenstotheteachercarefully,doeshe?附加3：宾语从句中的陷阱题（容易出错的题）1.Couldyoutellme___________?AwhenyouwillsendthefridgetoourhouseBwhenwillyousendthefridgetoourhouseCwhenyouwouldsendthefridgetoourhouseDwhenwouldyousendthefridgetoourhouse正确答案为A。很多同学看到could，就认为主句是过去时态，所以选了C。实际上couldyoutellme(你能告诉我吗)表示的是一种委婉的语气，而不是过去时态！2.Heaskedme____________?AwhatwasthewrongBwhatthewrongwasCwhatthewrongisDwhatisthewrong正确答案是A。很多同学误选B。实际上这个句子的原形是Somethingiswrong.对主语的提问变为whatiswrong?也就是说，对主语提问时并不存在主谓倒装，所以语序无需调动。3.Idon’tknow__________?AwhatshouldIdoBhowshouldIdoCwhattodoDhowtodo正确答案是C。很多同学误选D。实际上do是一个及物动词，后面要接宾语，所以用what作其宾语。how只能作状语练习题：1.Couldyoutellme_____thebikewithoutanyhelpthismorning?AhowdoeshemendBhowhemendsChowhemendedDhowdidhemend2.Iwanttoknow_________AwhatishisnameBwhat’shisnameCthathisnameisDwhathisnameis3.Jimdoesn’tunderstand__________A.whichisthewaytothemuseumB.whyhiswifealwaysgoesshoppingC.whatisthewaytothemuseumD.whydoesshealwaysgoshopping4.MrSmithaskeduswhy________toschoollastweek.A.didn’tAnngoB.Anndidn’tgoC.AnnnottogoD.Anndoesn’tgo5-----Couldyoutellushowlong______?-----Aboutthreehours.AdoesthesportsmeetinglastB.thesportsmeetinglastCwillthesportsmeetinglastDthesportsmeetingwilllastAnswer:CDBBB总结；一是关键引导词，不同句子词相异，陈述句子用that;一般疑问是否（whether，if）替；特殊疑问更好办，引导还用疑问词二是时态常变化，主句不同从句异，主句若为现在时，从句时态应看意；主句若为过去时，从句时态向前移。三是语序要记清，从句永保陈述序