Individualism-VS-collectivism

IndividualismVScollectivism1、Whatisindividualism?Individualismpertains（属于）tosocietiesinwhichthetiesbetweenindividualsareloose.Everyoneisexpectedtolookafterhimselforherselfandhisorherimmediatefamily.2、Whatiscollectivism?Collectivismpertainstosocietiesinwhichpeoplefrombirthonwardsareintegratedintostrongcohesive(凝聚力)in-groups,whichthroughoutpeople‘slifetimecontinuetoprotecttheminexchangeforunquestioningloyalty（绝对的忠诚）.ManifestationofIndividualism1、Personalprivacy.2、Personalfreedom.3、Personalequality.4、Self-reliance.5、Self-expression.ManifestationofCollectivism1、Groupunityandharmony.2、Groupgoals.3、Hierarchy(层次)andinterdependence（相互依存）.4、Group-oriented(为本).5、Loyalty,conformity,humility.AttitudesandbehaviorsIndividualismCollectivismSelfEachpersonisseparatefromeachother;childrenlearntothinkintermsof“I”Eachpersonispartofagroup;childrenlearntothinkintermsof“we”IdentityIdentityisbasedontheindividualIdentityisbasedonthesocialnetworkCommunicationLow-contextHigh-contextSocialvalueSpeakyourmindandtellthetruthMaintainharmonyandavoidconfrontations(对抗)Decision-makingPersonalfreedomismoreimportantEqualityismoreimportantthanpersonalfreedomGroupmembershipFellowuniversalrules;Thedecision-makingprocessisimportantFulfillobligationstoin-groupmembers;relationshipsareimportantConformityTheindividualbelongstomanygroupsbuthisattachmenttothemisrelativelyweakTheindividualbelongstofewgroupsbutfeelsstronglyattachedtothemBehaviortowardIn-groupandOut-groupmembersGrouphasrelativelylittleinfluenceonthebehaviorofgroupmembersGroupgreatlyinfluencethebehaviorofmembersRelationshipswithgroupmembersRelativelylittledifferenceinbehaviortowardin-groupandout-groupmembersBigdifferencebetweenin-groupandout-groupmembersCompetitionLessintimate（亲密的）within-groupsandlesshostile（敌意的）toout-groupsCooperatewithmembersofin-groupsbutnotwithmembersofout-groupsCooperationOccurswithingroupsaswellasbetweengroupsCooperatewithmembersofin-groupsbutnotwithmembersofout-groupsStrangersValuemeetingnewpeople;meetthemeasilyFormalanddistantwithstrangersSelf-relianceItisapleasuretodoasmuchbyyourselfaspossiblePeopledependoneachotherbutshouldnotburdenin-groupmembersunnecessarilyTypicalrelationshippatternShort-term,Voluntary,LessintensiverelationshipLong-term,Involuntary,MoreintensiverelationshipAmericanidiomsandphrasesGodhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.menAllarecreatedequal.Self-madeSelf-absorptionSelf-admirationSelf-centeredSelf-fulfilling（自我实现）Chineseidiomsandphrases•先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐•天下兴亡，匹夫有责•精忠报国，死而无憾•循规蹈矩•克己守道•三纲五常•贵有自知之明•人言可畏（死要面子）Thirdly，thedifferencesbetweenindividualismandcollectivismcanalsobeseenfromthefestivalsofthetwocountries:•Americantraditionalfestivalsmainlyinclude:Valentine’sDay(情人节)，Halloween(万圣节)，Mother’sDay(母亲节),Father’sDay（父亲节）,Christmas（圣诞节),etc..★MostoftheAmericanfestivalsstresstheimportanceortheecstasy(狂欢)ofanindividual.1、TraditionalFestival•Chinesetraditionalfestivalsinclude:Tomb-sweepingDay(清明节)，DragonBoatFestival(端午节)，Mid-autumnDay(中秋节)，SpringFestival(春节)，etc..★Chinesefestivalsmainlyarechancesthatafamilygettogether.Itputsmoreemphasisonthefamilyanditsmembers.2、TraditionalfestivalAdvantagesPoliticsDemocracyinAmericaEconomyThethriving（繁荣）economicCulturePersonalHeroism（英勇）SociallifePersonaldesirecomesfirstExcessivedisparitiesinwealthTheexistenceofracialdiscriminationOthersocialproblemsDrug,Crime,Violence,Homosexuality（同性恋）DisadvantagesAdvantagesCommunityspiritCooperateEconomyThethrivingeconomicCultureCollectiveheroismSociallifeOnemakescomtributionstogroupNoteveryonehastheteamspiritHierarchyandpersonalinequalityLeadersusepublicpowerforprivategainSelfishinhumannatureTrytolazyandreducepaymentasprincipleDisadvantagesThankyou