开放英语2(19-36)详解

开放英语2Unit19TalkingAboutthePast规则动词的过去式一般过去时的否定式一般过去时的疑问式与简略回答规则动词的过去式1)toask---Heaskedmeaquestion.2)toarrive---Theyarrivedlateforeverymeeting.3)totrip---Francotripped.4)totry---Hetriedafewtimes.5)toplay---Heplayedthepianointheclass.一般过去时的否定式一般过去时的否定式和一般现在时一样，是由助动词do的过去式did及其否定形式didnot或者didn’t构成的：did+not+动词原形Ididnot(didn’t)likeswimmingwhenIwasachild.Hewasnot(wasn’t)late.Shecouldn’tcometotheparty.情态动词can的过去式是could,否定式是couldnot(couldn’t)eg:Shecouldnot(couldn’t)cometotheparty.当have表示“有”时,过去式是had,否定式是hadnot(hadn’t).当不表示“有”时,其否定式是didnot(didn’t)haveeg:Wehadn’tbooksbefore.Theydidn’thaveagoodtime.一般过去时疑问式与简略回答Did+主语+动词原形Didyougoswimmingyesterday?Yes,Idid.No,Ididn’t.一般过去时的特殊疑问句特殊疑问句常常以疑问词(who,what,where,why,when,how)开头.eg:wheredidyougo?Whodidyouseethere?Whatdidyoudo?Whenwereyouinthepub?时间短语一般过去时的句子常常带有表示过去时间概念的短语,如:yesterday,lastmonth等eg:Weclearedupthismorning.Didyouhaveagoodtimelastnight?anyone,someone,noone(anybody,somebody,nobody)在肯定句中一般用someone/somebody和noone/nobody,在否定句中和疑问句中一般用anyone/anybody.eg:Hedidn’ttalktoanyoneelse.Italkedtosomeone.Hedidn’ttalktoanyone.Hetalkedtonooneelsethewholeevening.形容词修饰anything,something,nothing等不定代词时应放在其后面eg:Idon’twanttowatchanythingsad.Ilikesomethingexcitinglikeanadventurefilm.UsefulPhrases1getup起床2helpsbwithsth在某方面帮助某人3infact事实上4enjoyoneself过得快乐5turnup出现6tripover绊倒7helpsbdosth帮助某人做某事8aswellas也9growup成长10sometime将来某时，改天Unit20OutintheEvening不定代词anything,something和nothing的用法连词although,but和because的用法用very和really修饰形容词不定代词anything,something和nothing的用法一般来讲，something和nothing常用于肯定句，而anything则用于否定句。I’vegotnothingtodo.我没事可做。Ihaven’tgotanythingtodoeither.我也没事做。LanguageFocus形容词修饰anything,something和nothing等不定代词应放在其后面Idon’twanttowatchanythingsad.我不想看任何伤感的东西。Doyouhaveanythingimportanttosay?连词although,but和because的用法Although,butbecause都可以用来连接两个分句，但所表达的意思不一样。Although表达的是“虽然…，但是…”的意思，但在英语中不能和but同时使用。Althoughtheplotisweak,theactionisreallyfantastic.由but开头的句子一般放在后面。连词although,but和because的用法如果although或because用在句首则需用逗号将两个分句隔开。Althoughheisveryold,heworkshard.Becauseitwaslate,theydidnotgotothefilm.Very和really的用法（1）用very和really修饰形容词very和really作为副词修饰形容词，起到强调形容词的作用。Really的语气比very要强，而且几乎可以和所有的形容词搭配使用；very能够修饰大多数形容词，但不能和表示极限的形容词搭配使用。Very和really的用法（2）Very和really都可以修饰级别形容词Averygoodjob(areallygoodjob)极限形容词只能和really搭配,不能用very修饰极限形容词：amazing,fantastic,perfect,excellentAreallyexcellentideaUnit21TheMusicScene短语动词动词toreturn和togiveback的用法动词torent和tohire的用法短语动词短语动词是指动词和小品词（介词或副词）组成的固定结构。toname…….aftertotakepartintogeton(with)topointouttofindouttocomeacrossHecameacrosstheviolin.tobringbackHebroughttheviolinback.短语动词的词序名词作短语动词的宾语时，有的位于整个短语动词之后，有的既可位于动词之后也可以位于整个短语动词之后。Hecameacrossaviolin.Shepickedupthebook.短语动词的宾语是代词时，一般紧跟动词之后。Hebroughttheviolinback.Hebroughtbacktheviolin.但需用Hebroughtitback.toreturn、togiveback、torent和tohire、的用法动词toreturn和togiveback的用法均表示返还的意思eg.Ilentherabook.ShereturneditlastMonday.SheborrowedthebookandgaveitbackonMonday.动词torent和tohire的用法torent表示“租用住房”tohire表示“雇佣人做事”eg.Iamgoingtorentaflat.Iwillhirethatcompanytoorganizegig.Unit22Sport动词Play,go和do与运动项目的搭配使用表示频度的词语形容词的比较级和最高级动词V+-ing结构副词的种类现在完成时动词Play,go和do与运动项目的搭配使用动词Play,go和do与运动项目的搭配使用Play一般与球类运动使用Go与涉及身体移动的体育活动搭配使用Do用来询问他人参加何种体育运动LanguageFocusPlay一般与球类运动使用Playfootball/basketballPlaygamePlaycards(纸牌)Playchess(国际象棋)Go的用法Go与涉及身体移动的体育活动搭配使用,通常为go+doing的形式gorunning/jogging/swimming/rowingDo的用法Do用来询问他人参加何种体育运动Whichsportsdoyoudo?Dogymnastics(体操)/TaiChi(太极拳)/KungFu(中国武术)Idothehighjump.(跳高)表示频度的词语Neveroccasionallysometimesoftenusuallyalways，在句子中这些频度副词一般放在行为动词之前动词宾语之后或句首IsometimesgoswimmingonTuesday.OccasionallyIgojogging.Iplaycardsoccasionallyduringtheweek.every+表示时间的名词everyday/week/month/yeareverymorning/noon/afternoon/eveningeveryMonday/Tuesday….基数词+times+a+表示时间的名词onceaweektwiceadaythreetimesamonthfourtimesayearAtleasttwiceamonthIplaycardswithfriends.形容词的比较级和最高级形容词的比较级用于两者之间的对比，一般用形容词的比较级+than的结构；形容词的最高级用于两者以上的的比较，常用定冠词the+形容词的最高级的形式；1.规则变化1）单音节词末尾加-er（比较级），-est（最高级）greatgreatergreatestsmallsmallersmallest2）单音节如以e结尾，只加-r（比较级），-st（最高级）finefinerfinestnicenicernicest3）闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er（比较级），-est（最高级）bigbiggerbiggesthothotterhottest4）少数以-y，-er，ow，-ble结尾的双音节词，末尾加-er（比较级），-est（最高级）。以-y结尾的词，如-y前是辅字母，则变y为-i，再加-er和-est。以-e结尾的词只加-r和-st。clevercleverercleverestnarrownarrowernarrowest其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most来构成比较级和最高级importantmoreimportantmostimportant不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/well（健康的）betterbestbad/ill（有病的）worseworstmuch/manymoremostlittlelessleastoldolder/elderoldest/eldestfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest动词V+-ing结构动词V+-ing结构英语中有些动词后面可以接动词的-ing形式(like/love/stop/finish/consider/start)Theystoppedplayingwhenitrained.下雨时他们停止了玩耍。副词的种类1时间副词already,still,now,today2地点副词downstairs,around,here3程度副词really,very,just,too4频度副词ever,often,sometimes5方式副词slowly,quickly,well,badly副词的种类1时间副词1时间副词，尤其是表示具体时间的副词，一般放在句首或句尾。TomorrowIamgoingtothedoctor’s.明天我要去看医生。副词的种类2地点副词2地点副词通常置于句尾。Shewentupstairs.她上楼去了。Hewillgoabroad.他要出国。副词的种类3程度副词3程度副词一般放在被修饰的形容词或副词之前。Theywalkedveryfast.Itwasareallybadda