英语时态8种基本时态讲解一.概念:英语中表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态,需用不同的动词形式表示,这种不同的动词形式称为时态。二.种类:(基本时态)一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时三.用法:1.一般现在时:(1)一般现在时表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态及客观现实和普遍真理。一般现在时常以动词原形表示,但当主语是第三人称单数时,动词词尾加-s或-es。(2)句型结构:主语+V.(包括be动词)+宾语+…Sheisanengineer.Hehasbreakfastat6:00everyday.(3)注意:1)一般现在时通常与always,often,usually,everyday,sometimes,onceaweek等时间状语连用。IalwayswatchTVat8:00intheevening.Theygohomeonceaweek.Weusuallydoourhomeworkathome.2)表客观现实或普遍真理。Thesunalwaysrisesintheeast.Thelighttravelsfasterthanthesound.3)表永远性的动作或状态。Helivesinthecountry.(4)否定句和疑问句。1)-----Heisanengineer.-----Heisn’tanengineer.-----Isheanengineer?-----Yes,heis./No,heisn’t.2)----Wegetupat7:30inthemorning.-----Wedon’tgetupat7:30inthemorning.-----Doyougetupat7:30inthemorning?-----Yes,wedo./No,wedon’t.3)----Helikesmusic.-----Hedoesn’tlikemusic.-----Doeshelikemusic?-----Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn’t.2.一般过去时(1)一般过去时表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态,通常与表示过去的时间状语yesterday,lastnight,someyearsago,in1990,inthosedays.等连用。Iwasastudent6yearsago.IwenttoBeijinglastyear.Theysawafilmlastnight.(2)句型结构:主语+V.过去时+宾语+…例句:昨天他很忙。去年他抽烟了。两年前他去参军了。他在1990年去世了。(3)否定句和疑问句。a)----Hewasbusyyesterday.-----Hewasn’tbusy.-----Washebusy?-----Yes,hewas./No,hewasn’t.b)----Hesmokedlastyear.-----Hedidn’tsmokelastyear.-----Didhesmokelastyear?-----Yes,hedid./No,hedidn’t.c)----Hejoinedthearmyin1990.-----Hedidn’tjoinedthearmyin1990.-----Didhejointhearmyin1990?-----Yes,hedid./No,hedidn’t.(4)动词不规则变化:do----didgo----wentcome----camerun----ranwrite----wrotebegin----begandrink----drankkeep----keptleave----leftsleep----sleptmake----madelie----laydig----dugeat----ateknow----knewcut----cutset----setlet----letread----readhurt----hurt3.一般将来时(1)表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表将来的时间状语tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,nextSunday,soon,inafewdays等连用。(2)句型结构:主语+will/shall+V.原形+…(第一人称用shall)IshallgotoShanghaitomorrow.Theywillhaveameetingnextweek.----Shewillbe20yearsold.----Willshebe20yearsold?----Yes,shewill./No,shewon’t.(3)主语+will/shall+V.原形+…be(am,is,are)goingtoTheywillhaveameetingnextSunday.(will=aregoingto)----WhatwilltheydonextSunday?----Whenwilltheyhaveameeting?(4)beaboutto+V.原形Iamabouttoleaveschool.不能与表示时间的副词连用。Theyareabouttosetout.(√)Theyareabouttosetoutsoon.(×)复习题:1.He(do)hishomeworkatschooleveryday.2.They(finish)theirworkyesterday.3.We(visit)theirfarmnextyear.4.我半小时后要吃午饭。5.他将骑自行车去学校。6.他们下周日将去买汽车。4.过去将来时(1)过去将来时是立足于过去某时,从过去的观点看将要发生的动作或状态。主要用于宾语从句中。(2)基本结构:主语+would/shouldwas/weregoingto+V.原形+…Hesaidthathewouldhaveameetingnextweek.(Hesaysthathewillnaveameetingnextweek.)Theysaidweshouldleaveschooltomorrow.(Theysayweshallleaveschooltomorrow.)5.现在进行时(1)现在进行时表示现在或现在这段时间正在进行的动作。通常与now,atpresent等时间状语连用。(2)基本结构:主语+be(am,is,are)+v-ing+…Youarelisteningtomecarefullynow.Sheiswritingaletterthisyear.Look!Theyaredancing.WearestudyingEnglishatpresent.It’sraininghardnow.6.过去进行时(1)表示过去某一时刻或某阶段时间正在进行的动作,通常与at6:00yesterday,atthis/thattimeyesterday,when引导的时间状语等连用。(2)基本结构:主语+be(was/were)+v-ing+…Itwasrainingat7:00thedaybeforeyesterday.Theywerebuildingareservoiratthistimelastwinter.Wewerereadingwhentheteachercamein.Weweren’treading…Wereyoureading…Whatwereyoudoingwhentheteachercamein.7.现在完成时(1)表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或表示过去某时间已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。通常与下列时间状语连用:uptonow,inthepast,recently,by…,for5years,since1994,sofar,already,yet,ever,just…(2)基本结构:主语+have/has+P.P(动词过去分词)I’vefinishedthiswork.HehaseverbeentoAustralia.Ihavenotheardfromherrecently.Ihavealreadyreadthisbook.Haveyouread…?Yes,Ihave.No,Ihaven’t.Whathaveyouread?(3)过去分词的不规则变化dodiddonegowentgoneeatateeatencomecamecomehavehadhadwritewrotewrittenbewas/werebeenseesawseenhearheardheardswimswamswumdrinkdrankdrunkgivegavegivenforgetforgotforgottentaketooktakenkeepkeptkeptsleepsleptsleptteachtaughttaughtbuyboughtboughttelltoldtoldmakemademadecutcutcuthurthurthurtreadreadreadletletlet(4)注意1)含有终止意义或暂短意义的动词不能与for,since引导的一般时间状语连用。(buy,begin,die,come,go,join,leave等)Ihaveboughtabook.Ihavehadabookfor3years.Ihaveboughtabookfor3day.(wrong)Hehasbeeninthearmyfor3years.Hejoinedthearmy3yearsago.Hehavejoinedthearmyfor3years.(wrong)Hehasbeendeadfor3years.Hedied2yearsago.Itis2yearssincehedied.Hehasdiedfor2years.(wrong)HehasgonetoAustralia.HehasbeentoAustralia.(5)现在完成时与一般过去时的区别(时间状语的区别)1)现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去,但它们所强调的重点不同:现在完成时侧重于对现在的影响;而一般过去时侧重于某一动作发生在过去某个时间或某段时间。即现在完成时侧重于现在的结果,而一般过去时侧重于动作发生的时间。例如:Ihaveseenthefilm.我看过这部电影。(现在我仍记得电影的内容)Isawthefilmthreedaysago.三天前我看了这部电影。(强调是三天前,而不是别的什么时候看的电影)MrGreenhasboughtanewcomputer.格林先生买了一台新电脑。(着重点是格林先生现在有了一台新电脑)MrGreenboughtanewcomputeryesterday.格林先生昨天买了一台新电脑。(强调的是格林先生买新电脑的时间是昨天)2)时间状语不同。现在完成时常与already,yet,just,ever,never,before等副词以及“for+段时间”,“since+过去时间/从句”等时间状语连用;而一般过去时则常与“段时间+ago”,justnow,yesterday,lastweek等表示过去时间的状语连用。例如:Shehaslivedheresincetwoyearsago.她两年前就住在这里了。Shelivedheretwoyearsago.两年前她住在这里。HehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears.他入团已经三年了。Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.昨晚汤姆给他的父母写了封信。8.过去完成时(1)表示动作发生在过去某一时间之前已经完成的动作或状态,强调“过去的过去”,常与bythetime,bytheendof…,before,by等引导时间的状语连用。(2)基本结构:主语+had+动词过去分词+…WhenIgottothecinemayesterdaythefilmhadbegunalready.昨天当我到达电影院时电影已经开始了。HehadlearnedEnglishbeforehecamehere.他来这儿之前