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1温馨提示：此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。课后阅读作业五Module2 Period1Ⅰ.阅读理解ABrazilhasbecomeoneofthedevelopingworld’sgreatestsuccessesinreducingpopulationgrowth—butmorebyaccidentthandesign.WhilecountriessuchasIndiahavemadejointeffortstoreducebirthrates,Brazilhashadabetterresultwithoutreallytrying,saysGeorgeMartineatHarvard.Brazil’spopulationgrowthratehasdroppedfrom2.99%ayearbetween1951and1960to1.93%ayearbetween1981and1990,andBrazilianwomennowhaveonly2.7childrenonaverage.Martinesaysthisfiguremayhavefallenstillfurthersince1990,anachievementthatmakesittheenvyofmanyotherthirdworldcountries.Martineputsitdownto,amongotherthings,soapoperas(通俗电视剧)andinstallment(分期付款)plansintroducedinthe1970s.Bothplayedanimportant,althoughindirect,roleinloweringthebirthrate.Brazilisoneoftheworld’sbiggestproducersofsoapoperas.Colobo,Brazil’smostpopulartelevisionnetwork,showsthreehoursofsoapssix2nightsaweek,whilethreeothersshowatleastonehouranight.Mostsoapsarebasedonwealthycharacterslivingthehighlifeinbigcities.“Althoughtheyhaveneverreallytriedtoworkinamessagetowardstheproblemsofreproduction(生育),theydescribemiddleandupperclassvalues—notmanychildren,differentattitudestowardssex,womenworking,”saysMartine.“TheysentthismessagetoallpartsofBrazilandmadepeoplerealizeotherpatternsoffamilylifeandothervalues,whichwereputintoaveryattractivepackage.”Meanwhile,theinstallmentplanstriedtoencouragethepoortobecomeconsumers.“Thisledtoachangeinconsumption(消费)patternsandconsumptiondidnotgetalongwellwithunlimitedreproduction,”saysMartine.【语篇概述】本文主要描述了巴西偶然降低了人口增长的经过。1.Theunderlinedphrase“putsitdownto”inParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto .A.considersthecauseofittobeB.findsitareasonforC.looksitonasD.comparesitto【解析】选A。词义猜测题。putsth.downto归结……的原因是……。由第二、三段的关系可以推出答案选A。2.SoapoperashavehelpedlowerBrazil’sbirthratebecause .3A.theykeeppeoplesittinglonghourswatchingTVB.theyhavegraduallychangedpeople’swayoflifeC.peoplearedrawntotheirattractivepackageD.theymakebirthcontrolmeasurespopular【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的描述,肥皂剧中的中上层阶级的观念——少生孩子、妇女参加工作等,使巴西人慢慢地改变自己的家庭观念和生活模式。3.WhatisMartine’sconclusionaboutBrazil’spopulationgrowth?A.Theincreaseinthebirthratewillincreaseconsumption.B.Thedesireforconsumptionhelpstoreducethebirthrate.C.Consumptionpatternsandreproductionpatternsarecontradictory.D.Acountry’sproductionislimitedbyitspopulationgrowth.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段可推出B。分期付款鼓励穷人成为消费者,改变了他们的消费模式,而高消费与无节制的生育相矛盾,故巴西人少生孩子,由此推出B。如选C,则应在reproduction前加unlimited。4.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Brazil:thedevelopingworld’ssuccessB.SoapoperasandinstallmentplansC.Brazil:reducingthebirthratebyaccidentD.LearnfromBrazil【解析】选C。主旨大意题。文章开头第一句是全文的主题句,C项标4题中有概括全文的中心词:reducing...byaccident,即巴西偶然降低了人口增长。文章主要讲人口方面的问题,所以A项题目太大,其余项没有抓住要点。B Acrosstheworld,1.1billionpeoplehavenoaccesstocleandrinkingwater.Morethan2.5billionpeoplelackbasicsanitation(卫生设备). Thecombinationprovesdeadly.Eachyear,diseasesrelatedtoinadequate(不充足的)waterandsanitationkillbetween2and5millionpeopleandcauseanestimated80percentofallsicknessesinthedevelopingworld.Safedrinkingwaterisnecessaryforhealthandthefightagainstchilddeathrate,inequalitybetweenmenandwomen,andpoverty. Considerthesefacts: TheaveragedistancethatwomeninAfricaandAsiawalktocollectwateris6kilometers. Only58percentofchildreninsub-SaharanAfricaaredrinkingsafewater,andonly37percentofchildreninSouthAsiahaveaccesstoevenabasictoilet. EachyearinIndiaalone,73millionworkingdays(工作日)arelosttowaterborne(通过水传播的)diseases. Herearethreewaysyoucanhelp:5 (1)WritetoCongress CurrentU.S.foreignaidfordrinkingwaterandsanitationbudgetsonlyonedollarperyearperAmericancitizen.FewmembersofCongresshaveeverreceivedaletterfromvotersaboutcleandrinkingwaterabroad. (2)Sponsoraprojectwithafaith-basedorganization ManyU.S.religiousgroupsalreadysponsorwaterandsanitationprojects,workingwithpartnerorganizationsabroad.SimplyputtingasingleprojectbyaU.S.organizationcanmakesafewaterarealityforthousandsofpeople. (3)Supportnon-profitwaterorganizations NumerousU.S.-basednon-profitsworkskillfullyabroadincommunity-ledprojectsrelatedtodrinkingwaterandsanitation.Likethesampleofnon-profitsnotedasfollows,someorganizationsarelarge,othersaresmall-scale,someoperateworldwide,othersaredevotedtocertainareasinAfrica,Asia,orLatinAmerica.Supportthemgenerously.【语篇概述】本文介绍了亚非国家缺水的现状,并提出可行的解决办法。5.Thethreefactspresentedinthepassageareusedtoshowthat .A.povertycanresultinwaterbornediseasesB.peoplehavenoaccesstocleandrinkingwater6C.women’srightsaredeniedinsomedevelopingcountriesD.safedrinkingwatershouldbeaprimaryconcern【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据短文中“Safedrinkingwaterisnecessaryforhealthandthefightagainstchilddeathrate...”可判断出安全饮水是最基本的需要。6.Theintendedreadersofthepassageare .A.AmericansB.overseassponsorsC.congressmenD.U.S.-basedwaterorganizations【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据短文中多次提到U.S.可判断出这篇短文的读者可能是美国人。7.Themainpurposeofthepassageistocallonpeopleto .A.getridofwater-relateddiseasesindevelopingcountriesB.donatemoneytopeopleshortofwaterthroughreligiousgroupsC.fightagainsttheworldwidewatershortageandsanitationproblemsD.takejointactioninsupport