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1第一章名词名词的概念在生活中，我们会接触到各种各样的人和事物，用来表示这些人或事物名称的词就是名词。一、名词的数名词的数指名词的单数和复数形式。可数名词表示“一个”时用单数，“两个以上”时用复数；不可数名词表示量时，通常用“数词+单位+of+物质名词”的形式，如apieceofbread(一片面包)，变为复数时，只须将单位名词变为复数，如：twopiecesofbread(两片面包)。*名词复数的构成法则1.一般情况下在词尾加s.词尾读音shop---shops(商店)在清辅音后读[s]bag---bags(书包)在浊辅音后读[z]window---windows(窗户)在元音后读[z]2.以s,x,sh,ch结尾的单词在词尾加es。class---classes(班级)词尾读音[iz]box---boxes(盒子)match---matches(比赛)brush---brushes(刷子)3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，变y为i加es.story---stories(故事)词尾读音[iz]4.以“元音字母+y”结尾的词，在词尾直接加skey---keys词尾读音[z]monkey---monkeys5.以“o”结尾的名词，复数一般在词尾加“s”,但个别加“es”tomato---tomatoes(西红柿)词尾读音[z]potato---potatoes(土豆)zoo---zoos(动物园)photo---photos(照片)*（以“o”结尾，复数加“es”）6.以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f或fe为ves.leaf---leaves(树叶)词尾读音[vz]knife---knives(小刀)27.不规则名词复数的变化man---men(男人)tooth---teeth(牙齿)child---children(儿童)mouse---mice(老鼠)foot---feet(脚)woman---women(女人)8.名词单复数形式一样sheep---sheep(绵羊)deer---deer（鹿）English---English（英国人）Chinese---Chinese（中国人）*（不规则名词变复数）口诀：男人，女人a变e；鹅，足，牙齿oo变ee；其实老鼠也好记ous变ic；孩子加上ren，鱼鹿绵羊不用记。二、名词所有格的构成法1.主要是在词尾加’s构成。如:ThisisTom’sdesk.这是汤姆的书桌。ThatisMike’sbook.那是迈克的书。2.如果原名词已经有复数词尾s,则仅加一个’.如:theteachers’readingroom教师阅览室thepupils’pencil-boxes学生们的文具盒3.如果原词是复数形式，但不是以s结尾，变为所有格形式需在后面加上’s。如：thechildren’spalace少年宫men’sroom男厕所*名词所有格口诀：名词所有格，s前面加一撇’，复数s放在尾，后加一撇就完结，两人共有算一个，后面只加一个撇。名词练习题一、写出下列名词的复数形式computer____________apple_________house_____________sheep_____________watch_____________tomato_____________child_____________tooth________foot______________wife_____________potato____________day____________glass______________radio______________zoo______________3life______________story_____________leaf_____________baby_____________dress_____________deer_____________class____________key_____________English____________mouse____________man_____________country_____tooth____mouse__boy____________treehorse______bus______________fox_____babyfamily_______photo_____piano_____woman____book____________dress____________sheep__________tea__________box________strawberry_________peach_________sandwich__________paper_________juice__________water____________milk___________rice__________people__fish___________二、填入所给名词的正确形式1.Ihavetwo____________(knife)2.Therearemany___________here.(box)3.Therearemany___________ontheroad.(bus)4.Afew___________aredrawingonthewall.(boy)5.The______________areplayingfootballnow.(child)6.Pleasetaketwo_______________forme.(photo)7.Ilikethered________________.(tomato)8.Wouldyoupleasecleanyour_____________now?(tooth)9.Doyouwantsome_________?(milk)10.Thereareten___________________inourschool.(womanteacher)三、将下列句子变成复数形式。1．Thisdogisbrown.___________________________________________________2.Thereisabookandapenonthetable.___________________________________________________3.Thatwomanisateacher.1．Thissheepiswhite.___________________________________________________2.Thereisadeskandachairintheroom.4___________________________________________________3.Thatmanisadoctor.三、选择填空()1．Therearetwo______intheroom.A.ChinesesB.Englishman()2.Theoldmanwillhave___________out.A.twotoothsB.twoteeth()3.____________aresoldinthisbookstore.A.Children’sbooksB.Childrenbooks()4.Somefriendsof_________willcomehere.A.John’sB.John()5.Canyougiveme______________?A.somepapersB.apieceofpaper()6.Thereare______________onthefloor.A.someboxB.someboxes()7.The__inouryardareverybeautiful.A.clothB.waterC.flowers()8.TomisoneoftheChinese_____inourschool.A.boyB.boysC.boies()9.Acathasfour____,doesn'tit?A.footsB.feetC.feets()10.Therearethree____andfive_____intheroom.A.American,JapaneseBAmericans,JapaneseC.American,Japanese()11.Canyouseenine____inthepicture?A.fishB.bookC.horse()12.The_____hastwo______.A.boy;watchB.boy;watchesC.boys;watch()13.The_____areflyingbacktotheircountry.A.GermanyB.GermanysC.Germans()14.Thegirlbrushesher_____everydaybeforeshegoestobed.5A.toothsB.teethC.teeths()15.Isawmany_____inthestreet.A.peoplesB.peopleC.people’s()16.Thegreensweaterishis_________.A.brotherB.brothersC.brother’s()17.Theycomefromdifferent______A.countryB.countriesC.acountryD.countrys()18.Howmany______doyouseeinthepicture?A.tomatosB.tomatoesC.tomatoD.thetomato()19.Theyare______.A.womanteachersB.womenteachersC.womenteacherD.womanteacher()20.Wouldyoulike_______,please?A.twoglassofwaterB.twoglassesofwaterC.twoglassofwatersD.twoglassesofwaters()21.Mostof______livein_______.A.Germans,GermanB.German,GermenC.Germen,GermanyD.Germans,Germany()22.Therearesome______inthese_______.A.knifespencil-boxesB.knivespencils-boxC.knivespencil-boxD.knivespencils-boxes()23.______like______byair.A.Greens,travellingB.TheGreen,travelingC.TheGreens,travelD.TheGreens,traveling()24.Iwonderwhy______areinterestedinactionfilms(武打片).A.thepeopleB.peopleC.peoplesD.thepeoples()25.Thereisno______intheplate.A.applesB.orangesC.riceD.eggs()26.Myunclehasthree_______.A.childB.childsC.children6D.childrens四、判断正误，并改正错句，正确的打“√”1．Thehouseismybrother.________________________2.Hehasvisitedmanycountry.______________________3.TheyareEnglishs.______________________________4.ThisisTomredbike.____________________________五、汉译英1．Tom的足球_________________2.老师们的自行车_________________3