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一、缩写关税与贸易总协定世界贸易组织对外直接投资国际货币基金组织最惠国待遇欧洲经济共同体北美自由贸易协定国民待遇国际收支消费价格指数首次公开募股跨国公司首席执行官财务总监国内生产总值国民生产总值均等就业机会电子数据交换国民收入信息技术亚太经合组织信用证海运提单发展中国家区域性贸易协定并购&研发1.GATT:GeneralAgreementOnTariffsandTrade2.WTO:WorldTradeOrganization3.FDI:ForeignDirectInvestment4.IMF:InternationalMonetaryFund5.MFN:MostFavoredNation6.EEC:EuropeanEconomicCommunity7.NAFTA:NorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreement8.NT:NationalTreatment9.BOP:BalanceOfPayments10.CPI:ConsumerPriceIndex11.IPO:InitialPublicOfferings12.MNC:MultinationalCompany13.CEO:ChiefExecutiveOfficer14.CFO:ChiefFinancialOfficer15.GDP:GrossDomesticProduct16.GNP:GrossNationalProduct17.EEO:EqualEmploymentOpportunity18.EDI:ElectronicDataInterchange19.NI:NationalInsurance20.IT:InformationTechnology21.APEC:Asia-PacificEconomicCooperation22.LC:LetterOfCredit23.BL:BillOfLading24.LDC:LessDevelopedCountries25.RTA:RegionalTradeAgreement26.M&A:MergerAndAcquisition27.R&D:ResearchAndDevelopment二、短语市场结构产业结构产品替代性垄断竞争完全竞争需求曲线零售业物理差异相对资源流动性产品差异边际收益边际成本机会成本资本利得税贸易创造贸易转移不完全竞争一次性转移收益再分配要素补贴贸易壁垒最惠国待遇关税削减关税同盟所得税虚拟经济财政政策1.marketstructure2.industrystructure3.productsubstitutability4.monopolisticcompetition5.perfectcompetition6.demandcurve7.retailtrade8.physicaldifference9.relativeresourcemobility10.productdifferentiation11.marginalrevenue12.marginalcost13.opportunitycost14.capitalgaintax15.tradecreation16.tradediversion17.imperfectcompetition18.lumpsumtransfers19.redistributionofincome20.factorsubsidies21.tradebarrier22.mostfavorednation23.tariffreductions24.customsunion25.incometax26.virtualeconomy27.fiscalpolicy28.taxableincome29.regressivetax30.proportionaltax31.flattax32.standardsofliving33.fullemployment34.Nationaltreatment应税所得递减税比例税单一税制生活水平充分就业国民待遇35.anti-dumpingandcountervailingduties反倾销税36.freedomoftrade37.balanceofpayments38.tariffconcessions39.freed-tradearea40.missionstatement41.strategicplanning42.scopeofthebusiness43.marketstanding44.organizationalstructure45.behaviormodification46.organizationalchange47.groupdynamics48.potentialcustomer49.targetmarket50.marketsegment51.competitiveadvantage52.distributionchannel53.supplychain54.businesscommunication55.customerrelation56.publicrelation贸易自由化国民收支关税减让自由贸易区公司使命战略规划营业范围市场地位组织结构行为矫正组织变迁集团动态潜在顾客目标市场市场细分竞争优势分销渠道供应链商务沟通客户关系公共关系57.verbalcommunication58.nonverbalcommunication59.workethnic60.publicspeaking61.businesscorrespondence口头沟通非言语沟通职业道德公开演讲商业通信三、翻译句子1floatingItisnotsurprising,then,thattheworldsawareturntoafloatingexchangeratesystem.Centralbankswerenolongerrequiredtosupporttheirowncurrencies.在这种情况下，世界各国又恢复浮动利率就不足为奇了。各国中央银行也就无须维持本币的汇价了。2confirmIwillsendyousomethingbyEMS,pleaseconfirmitASAP.确认Paymentwillbemadeby100%confirmed,irrevocableLetterOfCreditavailablebysightdraft.付款方式为100%即期、保兑，不可撤销信用证。ConfirmedL/C保兑信用证3negotiablePart-timebarmanrequired.Hoursandsalarynegotiable.招聘兼职酒店招待。工作时间和工资面议。TheBillOfLadingisissuedinanegotiableform,soitshallconstitutetitletothegoodsandtheholder,byendorsementoftheB/L.所签发的提单为可转让的，故只要在提单上背书，便确认了货物和持票人的所有权。4discountYoumaygeta5%discountifyourorderisonaregularbasis.如果你方定期给我方下订单，你方就可以得到5%的折扣。Ifasellerextendscredittoatimedraft,theyhavemadeatradeacceptance.Thesellercanrequestthatthebankfinancethetransactionbybuyingthedraft.Thebankissaidtodiscountthedraft.如果卖方开出的是远期汇票，以此向买方提供信用，此时就做了一笔商业汇票承兑业务。卖方可以请银行买下商业承兑汇票，银行用这个方法对出口商品融资。也就是说银行对该汇票贴现了。5endorseOurproductshavebeenendorsedbytheNationalQualityInspectionAssociation.我们的产品为全国质量检查协会的推荐产品。DraftmustbeaccompaniedbyfullsetoriginalonboardmarineBillOfLadingmadeouttoorder,endorsedinblank、markedfreightprepaid.汇票必须附有全套的正本已装船海运提单，凭指示空白背书，并写明运费已付。6averageIfaparticularcargoispartiallydamaged,thedamageiscalledparticularaverage.如果某批货是部分受损，我们称之为单独海损。Itisobviousthattheproductsarebelowtheaveragequality.很明显，这批产品的品质是中下水平.平均7tenderUnderCIF,itistheSellers’obligationtotendertherelativedocumentstothebuyertoenablehimtoobtaindeliveryofthegoods,iftheyarrive,ortorecoverfortheloss,iftheyarelostonthevoyage.相当于give在CIF价格术语项下，卖方的责任是向买方递交有关单证，使其能在货物到达后提取货物，如果货物在运输途中丢失了，买方也可以凭单证获得补偿。Hebecameasexhilaratedasifhistenderforbuildingamansionhadbeenaccepted.他欣喜若狂，好像他承办大厦建筑的投标被接受了。8Economicsisthestudyofhowpeoplemakechoicesunderconditionsofscarcityandtheresultsofthosechoicesforsociety.Economicanalysisofhumanbehaviorbeginswiththeassumptionthatpeoplearerational—thattheyhavewelldefinedgoalsandtrytoachievethemasbestastheycan.Intryingtoachievetheirgoals,peoplenormallyfacetrade-offs.Becausematerialandhumanresourcesarelimited,havingmoreofonegoodthingmeansmakingdowithlessofsomeofothergoodthing.书P21经济学是研究在资源稀缺条件下的人们怎样做出选择和这些选择的结果对社会会产生怎样的影响的一门学科。对人类行为的经济学分析是建立在理性人—即每个人都有明确的目标，并且会尽其所能实现这个目标--的假设上。在力图实现目标的过程中，人们通常会面临权衡。因为物质和人力资源都是有限的，因此多拥有某种商品意味着减少另一种商品的拥有量。9宏观经济学家研究的一些主要问题包括：经济增长和生活水平提高的源；平均劳动生产率（单位雇佣工人的产出）的变化趋势；经济增长过程中的短期波动（衰退和扩张）；失业和通货膨胀现象产生的原因和控制手段；国家之间的经济联系。书P25Someofthebroadissuesthatmacroeconomistsstudyare:sourcesofeconomicgrowthandimprovedlivingstandards;trendsinaveragelaborproductivity;short-termfluctuationsinthepaceofeconomicgrowth;causesandcuresofunemploymentandinflation;economicinterdependenceamongnations.10.Accordingtotraditionaltradet