非谓语动词和从句的转换

非谓语动词与从句间的转换非谓语动词与从句间的转换在英语中，动词按其在句子中的作用，可分为：谓语动词和非谓语动词。谓语动词就是可以单独直接在句子中做谓语的动词。非谓语动词就是不能单独在句子中做谓语的动词。一、什么叫做非谓语动词二、非谓语动词的表现形式有：不定式（todo）现在分词（doing）过去分词（done）动名词（doing）三、非谓语使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下Shegotoffthebus,butleftherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.主语表语宾语补语定语状语不定式现在分词过去分词动名词组成介词短语四、非谓语动词充当的成分++++++++++++++++++分词作状语(分词做状语可以转换成其相对应的状语从句来表时间、条件、原因…)Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.Ifthetreeshadbeengivenmoreattention,thetreescould……Notknowinghistelephonenumber,shehadsomedifficultygettingintouchwithBill.Asshedidn’tknowhistelephonenumber,shehadsome……Whilewaitingatthedentist’s,Ireadthewholeofashortstory.(=WhileIwaswaiting…)Beforebeinginthearmy,hewasanengineer.(=Beforehewasinthearmy,…)_____________(finish)mywork,Iwenttobed.(=AfterIhadfinishedmywork,…)Workinghard,youwillsucceed.(=Ifyouworkhard,…)HavingfinishedBeingsopoorinthosedays,wecouldn’taffordtosendtheboytohospital.(=Asweweresopoor…)Weighingalmostonehundredjin,thestonewasmovedbyhim.(=Thoughthestoneweighedalmostonehundredjin,…)1.时间状语：可改为时间状语从句，也可在分词前加上连词“when,while,until”等，使其时间意义更明确。(多置于句首，也可置于句末)2.原因状语：可改为原因状语从句或并列结构。(多置于句首或句末，也可置于句中)3.条件状语：可加连词if,unless等；也可换成条件状语从句。(多置于句首)4.让步状语：有时可加although,though,evenif,eventhough,whether…or等连词，可转换成让步状语从句。(多置于句首)5.结果状语：可改为结果状语从句。（多置于句末）6.方式、伴随状语：可改成并列结构或从句。(多置于句末)A.现在分词与过去分词作状语Whentheyheardthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.HearingWhenthebabysawitsmother,itsmiled.SeeingAstheyhopedtogetoursupport,theysentustheirstatement.HopingThesnowlastedaweek,soitresultedinaserioustrafficconfusioninthewholearea.resultingWhenhearingWhileheworkedinthefactory,hewasanadvancedworker.WorkingWhileworkingWhenseeingWhenitisseenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.Don‘tspeakuntilyouarespokento.Becausehewasgreatlytouchedbyhisteacher’swords,theboydidalotofthingstohelphisclassmates.Ifweweregivenmoretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.Hewaswarnedofthedanger,buthestillwentskatingontheice.SeenGreatlytouchedGivenspokenWarnedheIfgivenWhenseen但是,有些分词作状语是独立结构,不与句子的主语产生联系;常见的有:judgingfrom,generallyspeaking,comparedto/with,considering,providing(ed),supposingetc.Generallyspeaking,womenlivelongerthanmen.Judgingfromwhatyousay,heoughttosucceed.Consideringthedistance,hearrivedveryquickly.Takingeverythingintoconsideration,youshouldleave.一般说来，女人比男人活得长。从你的话看，他应当能成功。考虑路程，他到达得很快。考虑到各种因素，你最好离开。B.不定式作状语不定式作状语常用来表目的、结果或原因、程度、条件等。Shelookedintothewindow,andwantedtoseewhatwasgoingoninside.Shelookedintothewindowtoseewhatwasgoingoninside.注：表目的的不定式还常与soas或inorder连用，构成soas(not)todo和inorder(not)todo结构，其中soas(not)todo不能用于句首。Togetthereintime,wegotupveryearly.=Inordertogetthereintime,wegotupveryearly.=Wegotupveryearly(inorder/soas)togetthereintime.Tomkeptquietabouttheaccidentsothathewouldnotlosehisjob.=soasnottolosehisjob.非谓语动词和从句的转换I.v-ing形式与从句之间的转换1.v-ing形式作主语可换成that引导的主语从句Tom'sknowingEnglishhelpshiminlearningFrench.ThatTomknowsEnglishhelpshiminlearningEnglish.Herbeingoutofworkwasunexpected.Thatshewasoutofworkwasunexpected.2.v-ing形式作宾语或宾补可换成that引导的宾语从句Irememberhavingpaidhimforhiswork.IrememberthatIhavepaidhimforhiswork.Hesuggestsourmakingbetteruseoftheschoollibrary.Hesuggeststhatwe(should)makebetteruseoftheschoollibrary.3.v-ing形式作表语可换成that引导的表语从句Ourworryisyourdependingtoomuchonhim.Ourworryisthatyoudependtoomuchonhim.Thequestionismanypeople'sbeingtrappedinthefire.Thequestionisthatmanypeoplearetrappedinthefire.4.v-ing形式作定语可换成that,who,which引导的定语从句Wewillstudyinthehousefacingsouth.Wewillstudyinthehousethat/whichfacessouth.Themantalkingtomyteacherismyfather.Themanwho/thatistalkingtomyteacherismyfather.5.v-ing形式作状语可换成相应状语从句Onarrivingthere,Iwilltelephoneyou.AssoonasIarrivethere,Iwilltelephoneyou.Whilewaitingforthebus,Icaughtsightofher.WhileIwaswaitingforthebus,Icaughtsightofher.我一到那，就给你打电话我等车的时候，看到了她。（catchsightof）另外，v-ing形式在句中表伴随或作结果状语，相当于一个并列句，也可和with结构转换。Hedied,leavinghisdaughtermuchmoney.Hedied,and(he)lefthisdaughtermuchmoney.Hedied,withleavinghisdaughtermuchmoney.他死了，留给他女儿很多钱。II.V-ed形式与从句之间的转换1.v-ed形式作定语可换成定语从句Thequestiondiscussedyesterdayisveryimportant.Thequestionthat/whichwasdiscussedyesterdayisveryimportant.Theboylostinthoughtismybrother.Theboywhoislostinthoughtismybrother.2.v-ed形式作宾补可换成宾语从句Ifoundtheroombrokenintoandalotofthingsstolen.Ifound(that)theroomhadbeenbrokenintoandalotofthingshadbeenstolen.3.v-ed形式作状语可换成状语从句(If)heated,waterwillturnintosteam.Ifitisheated,waterwillturnintosteam.Don'tspeakuntilspokento.Don'tspeakuntilyouarespokento.III.todo形式与从句的转换1.todo形式作主语可转换成主语从句Whenandwhere(forus)toholdthemeetingisunknownyet.Whenandwherewewillholdthemeetingisunknownyet.2.todo形式作宾语或宾补可换成宾语从句Idon'tknowwhattodowiththematter.Idon'tknowthatIshoulddowiththematter.Iwarnedhimnottodrivethecarafterdrinking.Iwarnedthatheshouldnotdrivethecarafterdrinking.3.todo形式作表语可换成表语从句Mywishistobecomeapilotaftergraduation.MywishisthatIcanbecomeapilotaftergraduation.4.todo形式作定语可换成定语从句Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisofgreatimportance.Themeetingthat/whichwillbeheldisofgreatimportance.Hewasthefirsttoarriveandthelasttoleave.Hewasthefirstthatarrivedandthelastthatleft.todo形式作目的、结