地下建筑热湿负荷计算方法研究

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硕士学位论文地下建筑热湿负荷计算方法研究RESEARCHONTHECALCULATIONOFTHERMALANDMOISTURELOADINUNDERGROUNDBUILDING肖光华哈尔滨工业大学2009年6月国内图书分类号:TU111.19学校代码:10213国际图书分类号:697密级:公开工学硕士学位论文地下建筑热湿负荷计算方法研究硕士研究生:肖光华导师:姚杨教授申请学位:工学硕士学科、专业:供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程所在单位:市政环境工程学院答辩日期:2009年6月授予学位单位:哈尔滨工业大学ClassifiedIndex:TU111.19U.D.C.:697ADissertationfortheDegreeofM.Eng.RESEARCHONTHECALCULATIONOFTHERMALANDMOISTURELOADINUNDERGROUNDBUILDINGCandidate:XiaoGuanghuaSupervisor:Prof.YaoYangAcademicDegreeAppliedfor:Heating,Ventilating,Air-ConditioningandGasSupplyEngineeringAffiliation:SchoolofMunicipalandEnvironmentalEngineeringDateofDefence:June,2009Degree-Conferring-Institution:HarbinInstituteofTechnology哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文-I-摘要有效开发和合理利用地下空间,对建设现代化城市具有特别重要的意义。本文针对暖通空调工程在地下建筑中所需进行的负荷计算内容,进行了分析和建模,并归纳出了实用性高、使用方便的计算方法。首先,针对地下建筑封闭的特殊性分析了地下建筑具有蓄热能力强、热稳定性好、温度变化幅度小和夏季潮湿等特点,针对这些问题,对地下建筑围护结构的传热进行了分析,建立了其围护结构传热的数学模型,通过简化,得到了便于应用的二维动态计算模型。选用控制容积积分法建立离散方程,采用内节点法来设置节点,采用附加源项法来处理第二类或第三类边界条件,选用调和平均法计算交界面上当量热导率,昀终得到了离散后的节点方程组。在分析了节点方程系数矩阵的特点之后,选择MATLAB作为求解节点方程的工具,并编写了计算程序。采用该模型对南京市太园地下旅社围护结构传热进行动态模拟后,验证了该模型的准确可靠性,表明传热模型及计算方法是可行的。之后,以某一单建地下车库为例,在哈尔滨地区进行传热模拟。得出地下建筑的顶板传热在总负荷中所占比例昀大,建筑的地面传热负荷所占比例昀小等结论。另外,用同一地下建筑在四个不同纬度典型城市(包括哈尔滨、北京、上海、广州)中进行传热模拟,结果表明,纬度越低,总传热量越小,甚至对于一些南方城市,冬季地下建筑负荷出现负值。分析了一般建筑内较为常见的热源、湿源引起的热湿负荷的计算方法及相关计算参数,并以此为依据编制了相应的计算程序。昀后以上述研究结果为基础,采用VisualBasic编制了地下建筑热湿负荷计算软件,并以北京市某地下商场的热湿负荷计算为例,介绍了本软件的功能及使用。计算表明本软件具有较强的实用性。本课题是“十一五”国家科技支撑计划重点项目——“城市地下空间建设技术研究与工程示范”之课题四“城市地下空间环境质量保障技术研究”(2006BAJ27B03)的部分内容。关键词:地下建筑;动态模拟;围护结构传热;热湿负荷;软件编程哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文-II-AbstractTheeffectivedevelopmentandreasonableutilizationofundergroundspacesisofgreatsignificancetotheconstructionofmoderncities.Thepaper,consideringtheloadcomputationfortheHVACinundergroundbuildings,basedonanalysisandmodelbuilding,hasproducedahighlypracticalandconvenientcomputationmethod.First,itanalyzedthefeaturesofundergroundbuildingssuchasstrongheat-storagecapacity,goodthermalstability,smalltemperaturevolatilityandhumidityinsummers,withrespectoftheairproofcharacteristicofundergroundbuildings.Inconsiderationoftheseissues,thepaperanalyzedtheheattransferintheenvelopeofundergroundbuildings,andbuiltamathematicalmodelforit,aftersimplification,theapplicabletwo-dimensionaldynamiccomputationmodelwasobtained.ControlVolumeMethodwasadoptedinestablishingthedispersedcodeequation,andtheInternalCodeMethodwasusedtogenerategrids,theAdditionalSourceTermMethodwasusedtodealwiththesecondorthirdboundarycondition,theHarmonicMeanMethodwasusedtodeterminethethermalconductivityontheinterface.Finallythedispersedcodeequationwasacquired.Basedontheanalysisofthecharacteristicsofthecoefficientmatrixofthecodeequation,wechoseMATLABasthetooltoworkoutthecodeequationandthenwrotethecalculatingprogram.ThedynamicsimulationoftheheattransferintheenvelopofTaiyuanundergroundhotel(Nanjing)wasconductedusingtheabovemodel,hencethecorrectnessandreliabilityofthatmodelwasverified,theheattransfermodelanditscalculationmethodwasprovedtobefeasible.Afterwards,theheattransfersimulationwasconductedinHarbinwiththeexampleofanundergroundgarageofacertaininstitution.Theconclusionisthattheheattransferintheroofsaccountsforthelargestproportionofthetotalloadintheundergroundbuildings,whiletheheattransferontheflooraccountsforthesmallestproportion.Inaddition,theheattransfersimulationofoneundergroundbuildinginfourtypicalcities(includingHarbin、Beijing、Shanghai、Guangzhou)atdifferentlatitudeswasconducted,theresultshowthatthelowerthelatitudeis,thesmallerthetotalheattransferis,whileforsomesoutherncitiesinChina,undergroundbuildingstakeonanegativeloadvalueinwinter.Thecalculationmethodforthermalandmoistureloadscommoninordinarybuildingsaswellasrelatedcalculatingparameterswasanalyzed,basedonthat,acorrespondingcalculatingprogramwaswritten.Finally,basedontheaboveresearchresults,acalculatingprogramforthethermalandmoistureloadsinundergroundbuildingswascreatedusingVisual哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文-III-Basic,inaddition,thefunctionsanduseofthissoftwarewasdemonstratedwithanexampleofaundergroundmarketinBeijing.Thecalculationshowsthatthesoftwareishighlypracticable.ThistopicisapartfromtheKeyProjectsintheNationalScience&TechnologyPillarProgramintheEleventhFive-yearPlanPeriod:ResearchonTechnologyofEnvironmentalQualityProtectionforUrbanUnderground,Grantnumber:2006BAJ27B03.Keywords:undergroundbuilding,dynamicsimulation,heatgainfrombuildingenvelope,thermalandmoistureload,softwareprogramming哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文-IV-目录摘要...............................................................................................................IAbstract................................................................................................................II第1章绪论.........................................................................................................11.1课题的目的和意义....................................................................................11.2国内外在该方向的研究现状及分析.........................................................21.2.1围护结构传热.....................................................................................21.2.2设备、照明和人体等散热量.........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