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考研语法课程简介一、误区1.考研不考语法2.单词背好语法用不上3.学技巧就可以，用不上语法二、考研语法到底考什么？Ⅰ完形填空10PⅡ阅读理解60/651.传统阅读402.选择搭配103.*英译汉10/15Ⅲ写作30/25长难句分析75%写书面语句子25%•Whatweareinterestediniswhetherwecanconcludefromhismarkonthetestthatthechildwilldobetterorworsethanotherchildrenofhisageattaskswhichwethinkrequire“generalintelligence”.•Itisdifficulttothepointofimpossibilityfortheaveragereaderundertheageoffortytoimagineatimewhenhigh-qualityartscriticismscouldbefoundinmostbig-citynewspapers.•Whatweareinterestediniswhetherwecanconcludefromhismarkonthetestthatthechildwilldobetterorworsethanotherchildrenofhisageattaskswhichwethinkrequire“generalintelligence”.•Itisdifficulttothepointofimpossibilityfortheaveragereaderundertheageoffortytoimagineatimewhenhigh-qualityartscriticismscouldbefoundinmostbig-citynewspapers.考研基本语法知识句子的结构简单句谓语动词的分类谓语动词的时态、语态、情态并列句复合句名词性从句：宾语、表语、同位语、主语从句形容词性从句：定语从句副词性从句：状语从句句子的补充句子的省略非谓语动词TIP:想学好英语的语法，一切从简单句开始。对于英语考研语法而言，好的开始是成功的一多半。简单句vs.复杂句一件事vs.多件事什么是英语的长难句？简单句简单句简单句简单句简单句（简单-----难）Studentstakeanexam.Studentsaregoingtotakeanexam.Nervousstudentsaregoingtotakeaverydifficultexam.Thousandsofnervousstudentsaregoingtotakeaverydifficultexamunhappily.Aftergraduationthousandsofnervousstudentsaregoingtotakeaverydifficultexamunhappilyinthisuniversity.•词构成句子------那么英语当中什么样的词是最基本的词，才能构成最简单的句子？•KarlMarx:世界是物质的，物质是运动的。物质：n.运动：v.英语最简单，最基本的句子（缺一不可）：N.+V.既：S+V（主谓）简单句思考：1.简简单单的S+V为什么会产生如此复杂的语法结构？主要的困难是S还是V？2.英语到底哪里最难学？S+VV的分类V的时态V的语态V的情态V的变态V类别实意不及物动词Irun./Ijump./Thesunrises.主谓结构（S+V）Ilookatthephoto./welistentotheradio.主谓宾结构（S+v+O）及物动词IlearnEnglisheveryday./Ijustdrankabottleofmilk.主谓宾结构（S+v+O）Igavejackabook./Hesentalettertome.主谓双宾结构（S+V+o+o）Ifeelmydadcool./Ipaintedthewallpink./Ifindtheroomwarm.主谓宾宾补（S+V+O+C）无实意Iamateacher.Theyarestudents.主系表结构（S+v+P）由于谓语动词V.的种类不同，因此形成了英语句子的五大结构：1.S+V(主谓)2.S+V+O（主谓宾）3.S+V+O+O（主谓双宾）4.S+V+O+C（主谓宾宾补）5.S+V+P（主系表）1.Wewalkedonthestreetyesterday.2.Birdsflyinthesky.3.Theyarelookingforthewallet.4.Ilikeplayingbasketball.5.Thebridekissedthegroom.6.Thecompanyofferedmeajob.7.Myfatherboughtmeacar.8.IfindQingdaoveryidealforshopping.V的时态作为任何一位母语是汉语的学习者，时态都将是一个巨大的难题，然而英语任何一句话又肯定是由一个时态构成的，所以学好时态是艰难且又必须的。•Ihavefinishedmydinner.•Wehavelivedherefortenyears.•Ithasrainedforthreedays.•Ithasbeenrainingforthreedays.•Itrainedheavilylastnight.•她已经连续唱了两个小时的歌了。•Theproblemwasserious.•Theproblemhasbeenserious.•茶叶一直都是中国的出口产品。•Ihadfoundmywallet.???•Ihadfoundmywalletbeforethepolicecame.•当我到达火车站的时候火车已经开走了。•Thenotionthatpeoplehavefailedtodetectmassivechangeswhichhavehappenedintheoceanbecausetheyhavebeenlookingbackonlyarelativelyshorttimeintothepast.（2006阅读）•ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.(2011阅读)•Writinginthelastyearofhislife,heexpressedtheopinionthatintwoorthreerespectshismindhadchangedduringtheprecedingtwentyorthirtyyears.（2008翻译）•Thelatestrevolutionisn’tsimplyamatterofsomegentlemenreadingothergentlemen’semails.Thatkindofelectronicspyinghasbeengoingonfordecades.(2003阅读)•Thenotionthatpeoplehavefailedtodetectmassivechangeswhichhavehappenedintheoceanbecausetheyhavebeenlookingbackonlyarelativelyshorttimeintothepast.（2006阅读）•ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.(2011阅读)•Writinginthelastyearofhislife,heexpressedtheopinionthatintwoorthreerespectshismindhadchangedduringtheprecedingtwentyorthirtyyears.（2008翻译）•Thelatestrevolutionisn’tsimplyamatterofsomegentlemenreadingothergentlemen’semails.Thatkindofelectronicspyinghasbeengoingonfordecades.(2003阅读)V的语态-----被动语态•考研的同学们务必要养成写作中写动词时三思而后写的好习惯。•什么是动词的三思而后写？一思动词原形、二思动词时间（时态）、三思动词主被动关系（语态）例子：1.儒家思想（Confucianism）建立在中国传统文化之上。2.盘子已经洗过了。1.被动语态是怎么产生的？小偷偷了钱？x偷了钱。钱被偷了。起初被动是用来无动作发出者的句子。（无主句）2.现代英语被动语态使用的两个主要原因？a.动作发出者不太重要，或者地球人都知道.如：Peoplebuiltthebridge.---Thebridgewasbuilt.b.显示英语语言的高度客观性。汉语主观vs英语客观中国同学:Ithink/Inmyopinion/asfarasIamconcerned,Stevenisreallycoolsometimes.英语:itisbelieved/acknowledged/knownthat..Itoccursto/dawnson/hits/strikesmethat…..Itflashes/crosses/poursinto/entersintomymindthat…..3.所有的谓语动词都能被动吗？及物动词或者不及物动词加介词才可以不及物动词单独使用不能被动案例：InTombSweepingDay,peoplewouldrememberthosewhowerediedbyburningfake…………4.难：被动的时态的问题注意:被动语态也是有时态的，所以被动语态的形式会根据时态的改变而改变。被动语态的基本公式：be+done体现语态永远不变体现时态随时而变•他每天都被打。Heisbeateneveryday.•他现在正在被打。Heisbeingbeatennow.•他昨天被打了。Hewasbeatenyesterday.•他明天要被打。Hewillbebeatentomorrow.•他已经被打了。Hehasalreadybeenbeaten.•我来之前，他已经被打。HehadalreadybeenbeatenbeforeIcame.他可能会被打。Hemightbebeaten.他可能被打了。Hemighthavebeenbeaten.•他每天都被打•他现在正在被打•他昨天被打了•他明天要被打•他已经被打了•我来之前，他已经被打。•他可能会被打•他可能被打了•Theclassroom_____(clean)everyday.•Ameeting_____(hold)inBeijingnextweek.•Thisproblem_________(solve)now.•Thehousework_______(do)byhiswifeyesterday.•Chinesetraditionandculture____(spread)alreadyallovertheworld.•Thepoisonouspills_________(give)tothechildren_____thekindergarten.•Thisletter___(mustsend)immediately.•He_____(mightarrive)inBJ.•Thestudyoflawhasbeenrecognizedforcenturie