直接引语和间接引语讲解及练习

1Unit1语法核心突破:直接引语变间接引语定义：我们转述别人的话时，可以引用别人的原话，被引用的部分称为直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。这两种引语都是宾语从句，但是直接引语放在引号内，不用连词联接；间接引语不用引号，通常用连接词与主句联接一、直接引语变间接引语时句式的变化1.陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句例：Hesaid,“I'mveryglad.”→Hesaidhewasveryglad.2.一般疑问句变为if(whether)引导的宾语从句。例：Hesaid,“Canyoucomethisafternoon,John?”→HeaskedJohncouldcomethatafternoon.3.特殊疑问句变为由who,what,when，why,where等特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句例:Hesaid,“WhereisMr.Wang?”→HeaskedwhereMr.Wangwas.Tomsaystome,“whatfooddoyoulikebest”.→TomasksmefoodIlikebest4.祈使句变间接引语时，要变成ask/tell/ordersb（not）todosth。Ourparentstoldus“LearnEnglishwell!”我们的父母告诉我们：“把英语学好啊！”OurparentstoldusEnglishwell.我们的父母告诉我吗要把英语学好。Theteachersaidtome,“Don’treadthatnovel!”Theteacherasked/toldmethatnovel.Ourparentstoldus,“Neverdowrong!”父母告诉我们：“不要做错事！”Ourparentstoldusnevertodowrong.我们的父母告诉我们不要做错事。2二、人称的变化【点拨】人称的变化一般遵循“一同主，二随宾，三不变”这一原则例如：“IwenttotheGreatWallyesterday,”LiHuasaid.→LiHuasaidthathehadgonetotheGreatWallthedaybefore.“I’llcometohelpyouwheneveryouneedmyhelp,”heansweredher.→Heansweredherthathewouldcometohelpherwheneversheneededhishelp.Shesaidtome,“Yourpronunciationisbetterthanhis.”→Shetoldmethatmypronunciationwasbetterthanhis.三、时态变化主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要做相应的变化，总的原则是向过去推一个时态时态的变化例句一般现在时→一般过去时Shesaid,“Ineedacalculator.”→Shesaidthatsheneededacalculator.现在进行时→过去进行时Jimsaid,“I’mexpectingalongdistancecall.”→Jimsaidthathewasexpectingalongdistancecall.一般将来时→过去将来时Nancysaid,“I’llcallagainlater.”→Nancysaidthatshewouldcallagainlater.一般过去时→过去完成时Hesaid,“Itookithomewithme.”→Hesaidthathehadtakenithomewithhim.现在完成时→过去完成时Paulsaid,“Ourteamhaswonthematch.”→Paulsaidthattheirteamhadwonthematch.过去完成时→过去完成时Hesaid,“Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforesupper.”→Hesaidthathehadfinishedhishomeworkbeforesupper.四、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化3变化形式例句指示代词this→thatShesaid,“Sheiscomingthisweek.”→Shesaidthatshewascomingthatweek.these→thoseHesaid,“Thesebooksaremine.”→Hesaidthosebookswerehis.时间状语now→thenHesaid,“It’steno’clocknow.”→Hesaidthatitwasteno’clockthen.today→thatdayHesaid,“Ihaven’tseenhertoday.”→Hesaidthathehadn’tseenherthatday.tonight→thatnightShesaid,“I’llcomeagaintonight.”→Shesaidthatshewouldgoagainthatnight.yesterday→thedaybeforeHesaid,“Thishappenedyesterday.”→Hesaidthatthishadhappenedthedaybefore.Threedaysago→threedaysbeforeShesaid,“Iarrivedtwodaysago.”→Shesaidthatshehadarrivedtwodaysbefore.tomorrow→thenextdaythefollowingdayShesaid,“I”llbebacktomorrow.”→Shesaidthathewouldbebackthenextday.nextweek→thenextweekShesaid,“I’lldoitnextweek.”→Shesaidthatshewoulddoitthenextweek.地点状语here→thereShesaid,“IcameheretoseeTom.”→ShesaidthathehadgonetheretoseeTom.动词come/bring→go/takeHesaid,“Ibroughtithomewithme.”→Hesaidhehadtakenithomewithhim.【拓展延伸】直接引语变为间接引语时时态不作改变的情况①主句的谓语动词为现在或将来时态，从句的时态无需变化例如：4Hesays,“I’mtired.”→Hesaysthatheistired.Hewillsay,“Theboywaslazy.”→Hewilltellyouthattheboywaslazy.②当直接引语是客观真理时，不受时间的限制，因此不需要变化时态。Ourgeographyteachersaidtous,“Theearthgoesroundthesun.”→Ourgeographyteachertoldusthattheearthgoesroundthesun.③直接引语是一般过去时，并且和具体的过去时间连用，时态不作改变Shesaid,“Iwasbornin1995.”→Shesaidthatshewasbornin1995.【典型例题】（1）Canyoutellme_______?A.whatthematterisB.whatmatteritisC.what’sthematterD.thematteriswhat（2）Thephysicsteachersaidtheearth____aroundthesun.A.ismovingB.movedC.hadmovedD.moves【语法专练】1.Motheraskedtheyoungestkid____withhiscar.A.whatthematterB.WhatwasthematterC.whatthematterisD.whatisthematter2.Thetouristaskedtheguidewhathe____visitthenextday.A.wasgoingtoB.willC.isgoinginD.isto3.Theteachertoldusthatlight____fasterthansound.A.traveledB.hadtraveledC.istravelingD.travels4.Tomhankstoldhisteacherthathe____bornin1968.A.wasB.hadbeenC.isD.hasbeen5.LindaaskedAmy_____shecouldtellherthegeneralideasofthepoem.A.thatB.whetherC.whatD.how6.Mybrothersaidtome,“I’mgoingtohaveaholidaynextweek.”Mybrother________________________________goingtohaveaholidaythenextweek.57.Mothersaidtome,“Whatareyoudoingintheroom?”Motheraskedme___________________________________intheroom.8.Heasked,“CanIborrowyourbike?”Heasked_______________________borrowmybike9.Tomsaidtome,“Doyoulikefootball?”Tomaskedme_________________________football10.Shesaidtome,“Iwentovermylessonslastnight.”Shetoldme____________________________overherlessonsthenightbefore.附：UnitI短语归纳1.做个好朋友tobeagoodfriend2.做下列调查makethefollowingsurvey3.合计总分addupthescore4.得分getpoints5.心烦意乱地来到学校cometoschoolupset6.不理睬铃声ignorethebell7.使你那个德国朋友平静下来calmdownyourGermanfriend8.关心你朋友beconcernedaboutyourfriend(s)9.松开了getloose10.不得不去户外遛狗havegottowalkthedogoutdoors11.帮他期末考试作弊helphimcheatintheend-of-termexam12.列出理由makealistofreasons/listthereasons13.记下一连串的请求setdownaseriesofrequests14.根据问卷调查accordingtothequestionnaire15.根据编辑的忠告accordingtotheeditor’sadvice16.为了分担你的困难inordertoshareyourdifficulties/troubles17.与老板相爱fallinlovewiththeboss18.与我的同桌相处融洽getalong/onwellwithmydeskmate19.关心青少年beconcernedaboutteenagers20.为了和老板面对面地交流inordertocommunicatewiththebossfacetoface21.信任政府trust/believeinthegovernment22.经历了太多的战争gothroughtoomanywars623.相邻的城镇neighboringtowns24.相邻的国家neighboringcountries直接引语变间接引语练习题一、将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：1.“Inevereatmeat.”hesaid.Hesaidthat______never______meat.2.“I’vefoundmywallet.”