形容词副词的原级、比较级

TheComparativeSuperlativeDegreesofAdjectives&AdverbsGrammar形容词和副词比较级和最高级形容词是描述，修饰名词或代词，作定语或表语，说明事物或人的性质或特征的词。eg.Heisagoodboy.Thatsoundsgood.副词在句子中修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子，作状语，用来表示时间、场所、状态及程度。eg.Thebookisverygood.Hestudieshard.大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：1、原级，即原形。2、比较级，表示“较……”或“更……一些”。两者比较时用比较级3、最高级，表示“最……”的意思。三者或三者以上的比较用最高级Heistall.他高。HeistallerthanI.他比我高。Heisthetallestinmyclass.他是我们班最高的。情况构成方法原级→比较级→最高级1一般情况加-er,-esttall→taller→tallestgreat→greater→greatest2以不发音e结尾的单音节词加-r，-stlarge→larger→largestnice→nicer→nicest3在重读闭音节中，（即：辅音＋元音＋辅音）先双写末尾的辅音字母再加-er,-estbig→bigger→biggesthot→hotter→hottest4以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词，把y改为i再加-er,-esteasy→easier→easiestheavy→heavier→heaviest5其他双音节词（ly结尾的副词）和多音节词，比较级在前面加more，最高级在前面加mostbeautiful→morebeautiful→mostbeautifuldifficult→moredifficult→mostdifficulteasily→moreeasily→mosteasily规则变化：一、形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成原级比较级最高级good,wellbetterbestbad,ill,badlyworseworstmany,muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther距离,further程度farthest,furtheroldolder年龄,elder辈分oldest,eldest不规则变化：小贴士1.elder和eldest可用来表示兄弟和子女的长幼顺序：myeldersister我的姐姐myeldestbrother我的大哥theireldestson他们的长子2.further表示“进一步的”；而farther表示距离：Myhomeisfartherthanyours.我家比你家远。Doyouneedanyfurtherhelp?你还需要更进一步的帮助吗？thincalmshortheavyfunnyoutgoinghotseriousathleticsmartquietimportantpopularniceeasyexcitinglatefathappywetyoungtalllongrelaxingPutthefollowingwordsinthefivegroups.smallerlargerbiggerbusiermoreinterestingthinnercalmershorterheavierfunniermoreoutgoninghottermoreseriousmoreathleticsmarterquietermoreimportantmorepopularnicereasiermoreexcitinglaterfatterhappierwetteryongertallerlongermorerelaxing写出下列单词的比较级和最高级clever—safe—heavy—difficult—early—new—thin—cleverer—cleverestsafer—safestheavier—heaviestmoredifficult—mostdifficultearlier—earliestnewer—newestthinner—thinnest•变比较级和最高级•small•nice•big•early•heavy•wet•late•cold•fine•red•happy•earlysmallerthesmallestnicerthenicestbiggerthebiggestearliertheearliestheaviertheheaviestwetterthewettestlaterthelatestcolderthecoldestfinerthefinestredderthereddesthappierthehappiestearliertheearliest变比较级和最高级happily-------easily---------friendly------quickly------carefully----heavily------luckily------特殊:early---interesting----important-----popular-------beautiful-----delicious-----morehappily----themosthappilymoreeasily----themosteasilymorefriendly----themostfriendlymorequickly----themostquicklymorecarefully----themostcarefullymoreheavily----themostheavilymoreluckily----themostluckilyearlier----theearliestmoreinteresting--themostinterestingmoreimportant---themostimportantmorepopular---themostpopularmorebeautiful---themostbeautifulmoredelicious---themostdelicious特殊的比较级和最高级1,good/well------2,bad/badly/ill----3,many/much-----4,little-------------5,far路程远--------意义深远或进一步-----6,old年龄大小-----家庭成员长幼--better-----thebestworse-----theworstmore-----themostless-----theleastfarther----thefarthestfurther----thefurthestolder----theoldestelder----theeldest二、用法意思结构表示A和B一样A…as+原级+asB表示A不如BA…notas/so+原级+asB表示A是B的几倍A…half,twice,threetimes…+as+原级+asB1、原级1、A与B在某一方面程度相同:as+原级+aseg.1)MyfriendKayisastallasI/me.我朋友Kay与我一样高。2)MyfriendKayrunsasquicklyasI/me.Kay与我跑得一样快。我和她一样外向。我学习和他一样认真。2、A在某一方面不及B:A…notas/so+原级+asB.eg.1)MyfriendKayisn’tas/sotallasI/me.2)MyfriendKaydoesn’trunas/sofastasI/me.3)I’mnot_______she/her.A.ashardasB.asharderasC.ashardso4)Idon’tstudy_______he/him.A.socarefulasB.socarefullyasC.morecarefullyasIamasoutgoingasher.Istudyascarefullyashim.ABExercises•１．Joan与Kate一样漂亮。Joanis_________________Kate.asbeautifulas2、我与你学习一样努力。Istudy_______________you.ashardas3、那条绿色的裙子不如那条红色的漂亮。Thegreenskirt______________________theredone.isnotso/asniceas4.那些学生跳高不如我。Thestudentsdidn’tjump_________________I.as(so)highas5.他没吉姆那么早来到学校。He_____cometoschool_________________Jim.doesn’tas/soearlyas6、汤姆与她一样认真听老师讲课。Tomlistenstotheteacher____________________she.ascarefullyas1）比较级通常由“形容词（副词）比较级+than”构成，表示在两者中间一方比另一方“更加……”。连词than后可接句子，也可接名词、代词、名词短语、介词短语、动词、动词不定式、-ing结构和-ed结构，有时也可省去than。如：MaryishappierthanJane.玛丽比珍妮幸福。（系动词be后加形容词happy）HelivesmorehappilythanI/me.他过得比我幸福。（副词happily修饰实义动词live）2）注意than前后两项相比较的人或事物要一致。如：Herrulerisnewerthanmine.她的尺子比我的新。（主语是herruler，后面比较对象是myruler，避免重复，使用名词性物主代词mine）ShehasanewerrulerthanI/me.她比我有更新的尺子。（主语是She，比较对象是I）2、比较级3)比较级前可用much,even,far,still,alittle等词语来修饰，表示“……得多”，“甚至……”，“更……”，“……一些”等意思。如：JapanisalittlelargerthanGermany.日本比德国大点儿。用“...times+形容词的比较级+than...”句式表示倍数。如：Ourroomistwicelargerthantheirs.我们的房间比他们的大两倍。4)隐含比较级有时比较级并不一定出现than，这时通过上下文可暗示出。如：Areyoufeelingbetternow?你现在感觉好些了吗？Pleasebeearliernexttime.下次早点。5)“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”,多音节比较级用“moreandmore＋形容词原级”形式6)“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越…,越…”7)表示不及另一方时，用“less+原级+than…”(双音节和多音节词)Hebecomeshealthierandhealthier.Themoreyouexercise,thehealthieryouwillbe.JimislesshealthythanTom.TomishealthierthanJim.Shanghaiisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.１．你吃的越多就越胖。__________youeat,___________youwillbe.Themoretheheavier２．越干净越好。____________,_____________.Thecleanerthebetter3、书读的越多，懂的就越多。___________youread,___________youknow.ThemorethemoreWhichoneis___________amongstudents,goingtoconcerts___goingtomovies?4.去音乐会和看电影之间，哪一样在学生中更受欢迎？morepopular