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分类号:TU24110710—2010141021硕士学位论文城市老年公寓建筑空间环境设计研究——以西安市太平峪寿星山庄设计方案为例范晓芳导师姓名职称姜峰副教授申请学位级别硕士学科专业名称建筑设计及其理论论文提交日期2013年5月31日论文答辩日期2013年6月4日学位授予单位长安大学TheSpaceDesignoftheelderlyapartmentbuildinginCityADissertationSubmittedfortheDegreeofMasterCandidate：FanXiaofangSupervisor：AssociateProf.JiangFengChang’anUniversity,Xi’an,Chinai摘要随着社会经济的快速发展，计划生育的实施和医疗水平的提高使我国已经加快进入了老龄化社会。2011年中国60岁的老年人口已经达到一亿七千万人，养老问题在中国已经给社会和家庭造成了一种较大的负担。养老模式也已经由家庭养老不断向社会养老转变，老年公寓等养老设施逐渐成为生活能够自理的老年人的养老选择。中国城市中退休的老年人的积蓄在国内生产总值中已经占据了很大比重，他们有一定的经济能力和自理能力，一部分老年人不想让自己的老年生活成为儿女的负担或者完全投入到照顾晚辈的忙碌的生活中，他们开始追求一种具有安全感、娱乐性和完善服务的舒适的养老环境。因此寻求一种适居性的老年公寓也成为建筑设计师的一大课题。老年人拥有舒适的居住环境和心理上的满足也是社会稳定的基本要素之一。1991年联合国46号决议文件中明确老年人生活条件及居住条件的重要性，并提出五项内容：老年人的生活独立性、参与性、看护、自给自足及个人尊严。这也是对老年人养老环境提出的要求。本文通过对老年人身体状况、思维变化状况以及心理需求进行分析，将老年公寓建筑与环境心理学相结合,分析建筑环境对老年人的影响，对老年公寓建筑室内外空间对老年人的适居性进行研究。具体从建筑选址、总体规划、功能布局到建筑内部走廊空间、单元空间、建筑沿边空间、套型设计的多样性和可变性进行研究。满足不同老年人个体差异的不同习惯和多样化生活需求，为老年人营造“家”的感觉。其次，考虑到老年人进入到新环境中时的恐惧心理以及陌生感，通过对老年公寓空间布局和功能设计的自主性研究让老年人能尽快融入到新的环境中，并提出创造多层次的交往空间，居住空间小规模化，创造适宜的邻里关系等方法尽快让老年人找到熟悉感和归属感。本文将环境心理学、建筑学、城市规划、老年人行为学等多学科结合进行综合研究，为老年公寓建筑的室内外空间环境提供一些新的设计方法和思路，鼓励和尊重老年人心理养生的主动性、积极性和创造性，不再是千篇一律的标准化养老空间。希望将来能在老年公寓居住环境设计中提供一些新的建议。关键词：城市老年公寓空间环境人性化设计老年人的适居性iiiAbstractWiththerapiddevelopmentoftheeconomic,Chinahasbeenanerldsociety.In2011,theolderthan60-year-oldelderlypopulationhasbeen170million,theproblemofsupportingoldpeopleinChinahasbeenagreaterburdentothesocietyandthefamily.Theendowmentwayconvertedgraduallyfromfamilyendowmenttosocialendowment.Nowmoreandmoreelderlychoosetheapartmentfortheaged,theretirementsavingsoftheelderlyincitieshavebeenlargeproportionofgrossdomesticproduct.Theyhavesomesavingsandself-careability.Theydonotwanttobecometheburdenoftheirsonsandintothebusylivestotakecareoftheyoungergeneration,theybegantopursueanenvironmentofcomfortble.Thereforeseekahabitableapartmentsfortheelderlybecomingthearchitecter，smajorissue.Theelderlypeoplehaveacomfortablelivingenvironmentandpsychologicalmeetisalsooneofthebasicelementsofsocialstability,In1991,the46UnitedNationsresolutionfilemadetheimportanceoftheelderlydwellingconditionsandlivingconditionsclearly,Thatputtingforwardfivecontents:Thelifeindependence,participation,care,self-sufficiencyandpersonaldignityoftheelderly.Inthisarticle,Ianalyzedthattheoldpeople'sphysicalcondition,thechangingofthinkingandtheneedsofpsychological.Wecanputtheoldapartmentbuildingcombinedwithenvironmentalpsychology,Andanalyzingthatthebuiltenvironmentimpactontheoldperson.Iwillfocusonresearchingtheinternalspaceoftheelderlyapartmentbuilding.Specifically,Iwillstudythediversityandvariabilityofthesiteselection,overallplanning,functionallayoutandtheinteriorspaceofthebuildingthatcorridor,unit,buildingborder,Livingspaceandsoon.Asfaraspossiblemadebuildingsmeetthedemandofoldpeoplethatdifferentlifehabitsanddiverseneeds.Guarantingthehabitabilityspacefortheelderlyapartmentbuilding.Madethefeelingofthehometotheelderly.Secondly,consideringthefearandstrangenessoftheoldintothenewenvironment.Madetheoldintothenewenvironmentassoonaspossibletostudyautonomousfunctiondesignandthespacelayouofelderlyapartment.lettheelderlyfindfamiliarfeelingandsenseofbelongingtocreatemulti-levelcommunicationspace,thelivingspaceofsmallscale,andcreatingsuitableneighborhoodassoonaspossible.ivThisarticlemainlydiscussedfromtheEnvironmentalpsychology,architecture,cityplanning,theoldbehavior,hasusedthemulti-disciplinaryoverlappingresearchtechnique.StepbysteptoseekanewtypeofthebuildingspacedesignmodetoOldapartmenthumansenileapartment.Wemustcreateacomfortableandpersonalizedenvironmenttotheold,thestandardizedspaceofthesameisnolonger.Keywords:Apartmentsfortheelderlyincity,Thespaceofenvironment,User-friendlydesign,Livabilityelderlyv目录第一章绪论............................................................................................................................11.1研究背景.......................................................................................................................11.1.1快速的城市化进程对城市老年人健康的影响..............................................11.1.2中国式的养老危机..........................................................................................11.1.3项目研究的重点及难点..................................................................................21.2研究的目的及意义.......................................................................................................41.3相关概念与研究范畴...................................................................................................51.3.1相关概念.........................................................................................................51.3.2研究范围限定.................................................................................................51.4国内外研究现状综述................................................................................................61.5中国老年公寓的发展现状分析................................................................................71.5.1现阶段城市中家庭养老存在的问题..............................................................71.5.2城市老年人对现有生活方式的感受.........................