基于绿色建筑评价标准的重庆地区建筑室外风环境研究(1)

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基于绿色建筑评价标准的重庆地区建筑室外风环境研究重庆大学硕士学位论文(学术学位)学生姓名:李永强指导教师:刘猛副教授专业:供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程学科门类:工学重庆大学城市建设与环境工程学院二O一三年四月StudyonOutdoorWindFieldBasedontheGreenBuildingAssessmentStandardinChongqingAThesisSubmittedtoChongqingUniversityinPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirementfortheMaster’sDegreeofEngineeringByLiYongqiangSupervisedbyAssociateProf.LiuMengSpecialty:Heating,Gassing,VentilationandAir-conditioningengineeringCollegeofUrbanConstructionandEnvironmentalEngineeringofChongqingUniversity,Chongqing,China.April,2013中文摘要I摘要绿色建筑的形成和发展日益受到重视,建筑节能以及建筑的人性化设计作为新的设计要求被纳入绿色建筑的考核和评估工作之中。建筑室外风场,在很大程度上影响着建筑周围人们的出行、小区气候的形成及城市微气候的改善,甚至影响着城市的热岛效应。已经证明,城市的热岛效应、风环境与城市GDP的发展存在联系。改善城市高层建筑、提高城市生活品质、创造优越工作环境和生活环境,不仅是改善城市生活的需要,更是促进城市生产力发展的需要。因此,各地绿色建筑评估将建筑周围室外风场的模拟作为重要的考核依据。与此同时,自住房与城乡建设部于2006年发布《绿色建筑评价标准》(GB/T50378-2006)以来,各个地区也相应出台了地方绿色建筑评价标准。但各标准无法针对中国不同气候分区给出恰当的、有针对性的评价准则。绿色建筑的设计及评价标准必将是一个不断修正和完善的过程,绿色建筑技术的发展也需要通过对大量案例进行分析总结。首先,本文综合对比了中国《绿色建筑评价标准》、《重庆市绿色建筑评价标准》和《重庆市绿色建筑评价标准(送审稿)》中对于建筑室外风环境的评价要求,提取了绿色建筑评价对于室外风环境的评定细则,其中涵盖了建筑室外风环境中风速、风速放大系数、压力分布、涡流区以及季节通风的具体评价要点。接着,以CFD-FLUENT模拟软件为基础进行了室外风环境的研究,对重庆地区各个季节建筑室外风场进行模拟分析,找出重庆地区建筑周围室外风场分布的一般规律,以及不同网格类型的CFD计算特征。本文研究了重庆地区四个典型高层建筑群的室外风环境,通过分析得出重庆建筑室外风环境距地面1.5米高度上的压力云图、速度流线图以及速度矢量图,总结出建筑室外风场的速度分布特点和压力分布特点,并对照绿色建筑标准中的评价要点,研究其达标情况。通过对比要点发现,重庆地区建筑室外的风环境极易达到绿色建筑评价标准中的压力分布的规定与速度分布的规定。然后,同时针对重庆地区典型的水陆风、峡谷风等特征,本文对三个工程进行对比,探讨在典型的局部气象条件下,建筑室外风环境的变化特征。研究发现,当建筑室外受峡谷风作用时,室外压力的分布产生了明显变化,极易突破标准规定的建筑前后压差不超过5Pa的要求,建筑周围容易形成涡流区,但建筑周围风速仍远小于标准中规定的5m/s的最大风速限值。最后,本文对比了重庆地区季节平均风速下的建筑室外风环境与典型峡谷风重庆大学硕士学位论文II作用下的建筑室外风环境,分析其绿色建筑评价达标情况,为重庆地区绿色建筑专家评审提供参考,并针对重庆地区绿色建筑室外风场的设计提供改进措施与建议。关键词:建筑室外风场,CFD模拟,绿色建筑评价,风速分布,压力分布英文摘要IIIABSTRACTTheformationanddevelopmentofgreenbuildingisgettingmoreandmoreattention,buildingenergyconservationandhumanizationdesignhavebeenincorporatedintothegreenbuildingassessmentandevaluationwork.Toalargeextent,buildings’outdoorwindfieldaffectspeople’stravelaroundbuildings,theformationoftheareaclimate,theimprovementoftheurbanmicroclimate,eventheheatislandeffect.Ithasbeenprovedthaturbanheatislandeffectandurbanwindenvironmentareassociatedwithcities’GDP.Improvingthedesignofurbanhigh-risebuildingsandthequalityofurbanlife,creatingthesuperiorworkingenvironmentandlivingenvironmentarenotonlytheneedofimprovingurbanlife,butalsotheneedforpromotingproductivity.Greenbuildingassessmentinmanydistrictshastakenoutdoorwindfieldsimulationaroundthebuildingasanimportantevaluationbasis.Atthesametime,sincethedepartmentofHousingandUrban-ruralDevelopmentreleasedthenationalgreenbuildingassessmentstandardGB/T50378-2006,manyregionshasformedlocalgreenbuildingevaluationstandards.ButstandardscannotaimattheChina'svastdifferentclimatepartitionsproperlyandtargetedevaluationcriteriaarenotgivensufficiently.Greenbuildings’design,theevaluationstandardsdevelopmentwillcertainlybeaprocessofconstantrevisionandconsummation,thedevelopmentofgreenbuildingtechnologiesalsoneedsanalysisofalargenumberofcasesandsummaries.Firstly,thispapercomprehensivelycomparedtheChineseGreenBuildingEvaluationStandard,GreenBuildingEvaluationStandardinChongqing,GreenBuildingEvaluationStandardinChongqing(foradvice),seekingfortheevaluationrequirementsoftheoutdoorwindenvironmentoutsidebuildings,extractingtheassessmentrulesforgreenbuildingoutdoorwindenvironmentevaluation,whichhavecoveredwindspeed,amplificationcoefficientofwindspeed,pressuredistribution,eddyzone,andthespecificevaluationofseasonalventilationforbuildings’outdoorwindenvironment.Secondly,theoutdoorwindenvironmentresearchisbasedontheCFD--FLUENTsimulationsoftware,thebuildings’outdoorwindfieldsimulationforeachseasoninChongqingisresearchedtoo.LookforgeneralcharacterofoutdoorwindfielddistributionaroundthebuildingsintheChongqingarea,andthecalculationcharacteristicsofdifferentgridtypeofCFD.Thispaperstudiedfourtypicalhigh-rise重庆大学硕士学位论文IVbuildings’outdoorwindenvironmentinChongqing,releasedstressdistribution,flowchartandthevelocityvectoranalysisattheheightof1.5metersaboveground,summedupthevelocitydistributionandpressuredistributioncharacteristicsinoutdoorwindfieldofconstructions,andcomparedthekeypointsofevaluationinthegreenbuildingstandardstofindoutmatchingconditionsofthestandards.Bycomparingthekeypoints,thestudyfounditiseasyforoutdoorwindenvironmentinChongqingtoachievethepressuredistributionandvelocitydistributionrulesprovidedinthegreenbuildingevaluationstandards.Thirdly,fortypicalcharacteristicssuchaswater-land-windeffectandvalley-windeffectinChongqingarea,threecontrastprojectsareaddedinthispapertoo.Theobjectistostudythetypicalcharacteristicschangesoftheoutdoorwindenvironmentunderlocalmeteorologicalconditions.Studyfoundthatwhenbeingundervalley-windeffectenvironment,outdoorpressuredistributionhasasignificantchange,easilytosurpassthestandardrequirementthatpressuredifferencebeforeandaftertheconstructionshallbenomorethan5Pa,andformsvortexareaaroundbuildings.Butthewindspeedaroundbuildingsisstillfarlessthanthestandardrequirementaboutthemaximumwindspeedof5m/s.Attheend,thepapercomparedthedifferencesofoutdoorwindenvironmentunderseasonalaveragewin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