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Unit8Result,DiscussionandConclusionTopicalHighlights•SectionofResults:generalfunctionsandcontentsofresults,writingrequirementsforresults,examplesandsomeusefulexpressions•SectionofDiscussion:generalfunctionsandmainelementsofdiscussion,writingrequirementsfordiscussion•SectionofConclusion:generalfunctionsandmainelementsofconclusion,requirementsforwritingaconclusion,samplesforconclusionandusefulexpressionsinwritingaconclusion•SpecialAttention:conciseness(1)–usingnon-finites,usingreplacementofattributes,usingadverbsSectionofResults•GeneralFunctionsandContentsofResults–Liesinthevalueofitsfinalresultsandtheauthor’sinterpretationoftheresults–Tobringaboutasolidfoundationonwhichthewholepaperrests–Topresenttheessentialresultsanddataandthengeneralizethemtoatheoreticalheight•FullpresentationofthespecificdataoftheworkanddetailedanalysisoftheresultsSectionofResults•WritingRequirementsforResults–Anydatashowninthissectionmustbemeaningful.•Onlythosethataffectthereactionortheconclusioncanbecometheterminatingdata.•Whilethosewithnomeaningfulfunctionsshouldneverappearinthissection.•Thefoolcollectsfacts;thewisemanselectsthem.(Dr.JolinPowell)SectionofResults•WritingRequirementsforResults–Thepresentationofresultsshouldbeshortwithoutverbiageandbeofcrystalclarity.•ItisclearlyshowninTable1thattheinformationdesiregrowswiththedevelopmentofindustry.•Theinformationdesiregrowswiththedevelopmentofindustry(Table1).SectionofResults•WritingRequirementsforResults–Althoughthepresentationofresultsisthemostimportantpartofapaper,itisoftentheshortestsection.–Particularlyifitisprecededbyawell-writtenpartofExperimentorMaterialsandMethods,andfollowedbyawell-writtenpartofAnalysis,Discussion,SummaryorConclusion.–Sometimes,theresultmaypossiblyhavejustonesentence:“TheresultsareshowninTable1(orFigure1)SectionofResultsEx.8-1Theresultsoftheidentificationfunctionforthenasalconsonants,/n/and/m,thatwereincreasedindurationareillustratedinFigure1and2respectively.Theverticalaxisindicatesthepercentageofidentificationofamoraicandanon-moraicnasal.Thehorizontalaxisindicatestheratesofincreasednasalduration(rate1.0=theoriginalonsetnasaldurationin/nata/and/mapa/).Figure1:Identificationfunctionsforanasalconsonant/n/thatisincreasedinduration.(omitted)Figure2:Identificationfunctionsforanasalconsonant/m/thatisincreasedinduration.(omitted)AscanbeseenfromFigure1,whentheratereached1.4,amoraicnasalbegantoberecognized.Whenitexceeded2.4,itwasalwaysrecognized.Althoughtheratesweredifferent,thesameresultwasobservedinFigure2.SectionofResults•WritingRequirementsforResults–Listedbelowaresomeusefulexpressionsfrequentlyencounteredinthesectionofresult.•Theresearchwehavedonesuggestsanincreasein…•Asaresultofourexperimentsweconcludedthat…•Thedirectoutcomewasthenreportedin…•Sufficientresultfor…hasbeenobservedwiththenewmethod…•Thisworkdidprovide…SectionofResults•WritingRequirementsforResults•Ourexperimentaldataarebrieflysummarizedasfollows…•Thisfruitfulworkgivesanexplanationof…•Figure3showstheresultsobtainedfromstudiesof…•Table5presentsthedataprovidedbytheexperimentson…•Thistablesummarizedthedatacollectedduringtheexperimentof…•Mostrecentexperimentstothesameeffecthaveledtheauthorstobelievethat…SectionofDiscussion•Themostdifficultsectiontowrite•Manysubmittedpapersarerejectedbytheeditorsbecauseofafaultydiscussion,eventhoughthedataofthepapermightbebothvalidandinteresting.•Thetruemeaningofthedatainapapermaybecompletelyobscuredbytheinterpretationpresentedinthediscussion,againresultinginrejection.SectionofDiscussion•GeneralFunctionsandMainElementsofDiscussion–Toexpoundtheinterrelationsamongtheobservedfacts–Toshowtherelationshipbetweenthefacts,theirunderlyingcauses,theireffects,andtheirtheoreticalimplications–ToexplainthefactsdenotedbysymbolsorsignsofmathematicsSectionofDiscussion•GeneralFunctionsandMainElementsofDiscussion–AnalyzingtheData•Trytopresentthebasicprinciples,factualrelationships,andsuccessfulgeneralizationsoftheresults.•Bearinmindthat,inagooddiscussion,whatyouneedtodoistodiscussbutnotreulatetheresults.–PointingoutDoubts•Pointoutanyexceptionsoranylackofcorrelation,anddefineunsettledpointsordoubts,thelimitations,failures,aswellaspointsforattention,ifany.SectionofDiscussion•GeneralFunctionsandMainElementsofDiscussion–ExpoundingViewpoints•Giveyourjudgment,evaluation,analysis,andshowhowyourresultsandinterpretationsagree(orcontrast)withpreviouslypublishedwork.–StatingtheSignificance•Pointoutthetheoreticalimplicationsofyourwork,aswellasanypossiblepracticalapplications.–ArrivingataConclusion•Providetheoutcomeand/ortheend-resultsoftheresearch,etc.,asclearlyaspossible,andsummarizeyourevidenceforeachconclusivestatement.SectionofDiscussion•WritingRequirementsforDiscussion–Tosufficientlyanalyzethepresenteddataandpointoutthefactualrelationships–Tofullyreviewwhattheauthorhasdoneinhiswork–Toadmithisweakpointsorfailurefrankly,ifany–Tousebriefandforcefulexpressions–NevertowritemorewordsthannecessarySectionofConclusion•GeneralFunctionsandMainElementsofConclusion–Summingup•Tobeapartwithitsmainfunctionofsummari