英语动词的分类和用法◆提示:以下动词的分类并没有绝对的标准。有的分类只是为了更好地学习英语动词、掌握动词的用法和搭配,以及更好地学好与动词有关的语法。◆切记:有些动词作不同的意义解释时可以分属于不同种类的动词。因此,我们要特别注意一词多义现象。◆动词的种类分类总表:(更多更详细的内容请参考其他复习内容.)情态动词1只作情态动词使用can/could/must/may/might/oughtto请你参考复习以前发放的资料2可作情态动词,也可作实义动词need/dare3可作情态动词,也可作助动词shall/should/will/would4勉强可作情态动词haveto/hadbetter/usedto助动词1be形式变化:am/is/are/was/were/been/being同时是实义和系动词2do形式变化:does/did同时是实义动词3have形式变化:has/had/having同时是实义动词4shall形式变化:should同时是情态动词5will形式变化:would同时是情态动词系动词1状态系动词be特别说明:这里列举的所有系动词本身都是实义动词。但它们表示的意思不同。请注意结合句意去理解判断。2表像系动词look/appear/seem3感官系动词feel/smell/sound/taste4持续系动词keep/rest/remain/continue/last/lie/stand/stay5变化系动词become/grow/turn/go/get/fall/come/run6终止系动词prove/turnout实义动1不及物动词(vi)本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词。vi后面若要跟宾语,必须加上介词。有不少的动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词。区别在于它所表示的含义有所不同。第2页有更多及物动词(vt)后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词。词vt后面可以直接跟宾语。内容2静态动词静态动词是表示静止状态的动词。一般不用于进行时态。A.表示存在、从属意义的动词。如:be(“是”)、have(“有”)、own,exist,live,belongtoB.与五官感觉有关的动词如:hear,see,feel,taste,smell…及watch,notice,observe,find,catchC.表示心理状态或情感状态的动词believe;consider;expect;envy;suppose;feel;think;find;forget;hate;hope;imagine;know;like;love;mind;realize;regret;suppose;understand;want;wish……D.接度量衡名词的动词(+数词+单位)(这些动词的主语通常是物)weigh,cost,cover,last,take,extend,stand,measure,number,total,carry,contain,seat…动态动词动态动词是表示运动状态的动词。可用于进行时态。A延续性动词:表示行为或过程能持久地继续下去或能产生持久的影响。eat,listen,read,run,walk,work,write……第3页有更多相关内容.B终止性动词:表示行为或过程是短暂的arrive;begin;break;bring;buy;catch;close;come;die;或瞬时间完成结束。discover;fall;leave;open;puton;takeoff;sell;start;stop;return;go;jump……C表示状态改变或位置转移的动词.arrive,change,come,die,go,land(着陆),leave…3使役动词A.表示“使、令、让、叫…”等意义的动词.如:make,have,let,get,keep…第4页有更多相关内容.B.表示“使人……,令人……”的心理状态的动词。如:interest;excite;astonish;move;amuse;surprise……(+sb.)4表示动作的动词表示状态的动词表示结果的动词①puton/wear/beon;②lookat/see;③lookfor/find;④listento/hear;⑤study/learn;⑥trytodo/managetodo⑦preparefor/bepreparedfor,⑧advise/persuade等。请大家注意积累.5A谓语动词在句子中作谓语的动词。注意谓语动词的时态和语态变化。B非谓在句子中不是用作谓语的动词。变化形式:进行式、完成式、被动式、否定式。A不定to形式变化:tohavedone/tohavebeendone/to语动词式dobedoing/nottodoB动名词doing形式变化:notdoing今后有专题复习有关内容.C现在分词doing形式变化:havingdone/havingbeendone/notdoingnothavingdone/nothavingbeendoneD过去分词done形式变化:notdone◆相关动词分类对比与同近义动词的区分(重点内容)及物动词与不及物动词vi用法(1)主语+vi(+状语)(不及物动词):ache=hurt;appear;bathe;bleed;breathe;cheer;clap;cough;cycle;dance;disappear;dive;drown;exercise;continue;exist;fade;fall;fish;float;flow;hurry;freeze;hibernate;leak;matter;pour;quarrel;rain;recover;run;settle;sew;ship;rest;rise;rot;shop;sigh;ski;sink;sit;skate;sleep;speak;snow;sound;travel;swim;act,come,go,cry,blow,smile,sleep,run,retire,fly,jump,stand…..(不及物动词短语):showup,breakdown,breakout,turnup,dieaway,dieout,giveout,runup,…….vi用法(2)aim+atlook+atstare+atlive+in/onbelong+tosbcome+tosbfail+insucceed+indoingfall+off/onto主语+vi+介词+宾语stay+atglance+atlaugh+atcontact+withsbdeal+withdisagree+withend+in/upwithwait+fordepend+onoperate+onrely+oninsist+ondoinggo+tohappen+tosblie+to/inlisten+toobject+tooccur+torefer+torelate+toreply+toreturn+tostick+tosthgraduate+fromsuffer+fromstruggle+for/againstvote+for/againstcare+for/aboutapologize+tosbfordoingargue+aboutsthwithsbdie+in/from/of/talk+aboutsth/tosbthink+of/about/overcompete+insthwithsbagree+to/with/onwork+on/at/in/forarrive+in/at(要熟记它们的搭配。)vt与vi近义词listentosbsoundlikesthhearsbarrivein/atgettoreachbelongtosbownsthpossesssthliein+besituatedin+belocatedin+contactwithsbtouchsbtalktellworkforsbservesbreplytoanswer对比appearshowsthtosbrise/goup/increaseraisesitseatsblookatsee/watchsucceedindoingmanagesth/todobreakinbreakintogooutturnofflookforfindgiveingiveupagreewithsbpromisesbA既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义不变。如:begin开始。Everybody,ourgamebegins.Letusbeginourgame.类似的还有:start,answer,sing,close,consider,insist,read,learn,prepare,pay,hurt,improve....B既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的如lift作不及物动词时是指烟雾的消散。wesawthemountainwhenthecloudslifted.作及物动词时是升高;举起。Heliftedhisglassanddrank.类似的还有:beatvi.(心脏)跳动/vt.敲、打;growvi.生长/vt.种植playvi.玩耍/vt.打(牌、球)演奏smellvi.发出(气味)/vt.嗅动词,其意义完全不同。ringvi.(电话、铃)响/vt.打电话speakvi.讲话/vt.说(语言)hangvi.悬挂/vt.绞死operatevi.动手术/vt.操作runvi.跑步;褪色vt.经营C有的及物动词加上介词后,表示的意思不同。如:allow允许allowfor考虑到……感官动词◆感官动词hear,see,feel,watch,notice,observe,find,catch,lookat;hear;listento的用法归纳总结:(感官动词+sb.do/doing//sthdone)。1.后接不带to的不定式表示一个发生过或者还没发生具体的动作Whenyougotowatchthefootballmatch,youwillenjoyseeingtheChinesefootballteamwin.2.后接V-ing形式表示正在进行的动作。Seeingthesunrisingabovethesurfaceofthesea,weletoutashoutofjoy.Hearingthis,Ifeltmyheartbeatingfast.3.后接V-ed形式表示被动意义。Afterhisreturntwentyyearslater,hefoundhishometowngreatlychanged.AlthoughIhadlearntsomeEnglish,Ihadneverheardawordofitspoken.试比较(注意理解):1)Iheardhimsingasong.我听他唱了一首歌(指自始至终整个过程)。2)Iheardhimsingingasong.我听见他正在唱歌唱(指当时动作的某个片断)。3)Iheardasongsung.我听见(有人)唱歌(逻辑主语“歌”与“唱”是被动关系。)延续性动词与终止性动词的注:“→”左边的是终止性动词(瞬间动词);“→”右边的是延续性动词更多的终止性动词(瞬间动词):borrow,finish,go,join,kill,hit,leave,lend,die,marry,reach,recognize.borrow→keepbuy→havebecome→beputon→wearmoveto→liveinrecognize→knowcatchacold→haveacoldopensth→keepsthopenleave→beawayfrombegin/start→beondie→bedeadfinish→beoverreturn→bebackjoin→bein+组织机构/comehere→beheregothere→betherecomeback→bebackfallasleep