英语动词分类

动词的分类动词分类概念能独立作谓语的动词本身有意义，但不能独立作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语。本身无意义或意义不完整，不能单独作谓语。有一定词义，本身不表示动作和状态，而仅仅表达说话人的态度。实义动词系动词助动词情态动词（一）实义动词1._________本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。Ilikethebook.2.___________自身意思完整，无需接宾语。Birdscanfly.及物动词不及物动词1,动词+宾语IlikeEnglishverymuch.2,动词+宾语+宾补WecallthebirdPolly(n.).1）动词+宾语+名词（n）（宾补）choose,consider,elect,make,namewechosehimourmonitor2）动词+宾语+不定式(todo)（宾补）adviseallowcauseenableencouragefindforbidforcewishinviteorderpermitpersuaderemindtellwarnexpectwish3）动词+宾语+省略to的不定式（宾补）一些动词要掌握，have,let和make,此三动词是使役，“注意”“观察”“听到”see，还有feel和watch，使用它们要仔细，后接“宾补”略去“to”，此点千万要牢记一感feel,二听hear,listento,三让have,let,make,四看see,lookat,observe,watch4）动词+adj(做补语)colour,keep,find,get,leave,make,paint,cutPleasecolouritred.Ifinditinteresting.5）动词加现在分词做补语get/leave/keep/set/catch/havesb.doing;see/find/watch/feel/hear/listento/discoversb.doing如:他让我等了整整一上午。Hekeptmewaitingthewholemorning.6）动词加过去分词（补语）过去分词作宾补时，常见的词有have,get,makehavesthdone我理发了。Ihavehadmyhaircut.我让别人明白了。Imademyselfheard.Imademyselfhearthatsong.3.动词+间接宾语+直接宾语bring,hand,lend,mail,offer,owe,pass,post,read,return,send,sell,show,take,teach,tell,throw,write+sb+sth/sthtosbbook,buy,choosecook,draw,fetchfind,fix,getmake,order,pickpreparesavesingsparesteal+sbsth/sthforsb不及物动词1.没有被动形式的词happen,occur,rise,lie,die2.主动表示被动的词。动词+(well,poorly,easily)sell,wash,burn,cook,cut,drive,dress,play,last,open,write,start,run,read,operate,break,measure,weigh1.Drywoodburnseasily.2.Theclothwasheswell.既作及物又有不及物动词的词他跑的快。Herunsfast.他经营一家工厂。Herunsafactory.study，fly，run,change二、动词考察点分项说明：（一）、掌握动词的现在时第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词四种形式的构成规则；1、动词现在时的第三人称单数的构成：动词特征变化例词一般动词词尾加-slook-looksfind-finds以s,x,ch,sh或o结尾词尾加-eswatch-watches,push-pushes以“辅音字母+y”结尾变y为i再加-esfly-flies,2、动词的过去式及过去分词的构成①规则动词的变化：规则动词的过去式和过去分词的构成方法是相同的。动词特征变化例词一般动词词尾加-edlook-looked,looked以e结尾词尾加-dlive-lived,lived以“辅音字母+Y”结尾变y为i，再加-edcarry-carried,carried以重读闭音节或r音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母双写该辅音字母，再加-edstop-stopped,stopped②不规则动词的变化。（见九年级英语下册不规则动词表）3、动词的现在分词的构成：动词特征变化例词一般动词直接加-inglook-lookingwatch-watching以e结尾去e加-ingcome-comingmove-moving以重读闭音节或r音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母先双写该辅音字母，再加-ingswim-swimmingrun-running以ie结尾且为重读开音节变ie加y再加ingdie-dyinglie-lying三、掌握系动词be,look,feel,smell,get,become,turn,keep等的基本用法；常见的连系动词有：become,turn,get,grow,keep,feel,look,seem,smell,fall等。它们后面常接形容词，构成系表结构。Pleasekeeptheclassroomclean.请保持教室的干净。Thebreadlooksveryfresh.这些面包看上去很新鲜。状态变化系动词系动词用法习惯搭配朝坏的方面变化wrong,bad,mad,hungry,blindetc.表颜色等red,green表成长中的变化strong,tall由动态到静态转变ill,sick,asleep转向好的状态true,alive常用来指人或物的状态的变化become接名词时,名词前接冠词gocometurngrowfallgetbecome四、掌握助动词be,do,have,shall,will的基本用法；助动词是“辅助性”动词，一般没有词义，不能单独作谓语，但可用来帮助构成谓语，表示不同的时态，语态，和数的变化。常见的助动词有：（1）be(am,is,are,was,were,being,been)与现在分词结合，构成各种进行时态；或与过去分词结合构成被动语态。I’mlookingformypen.我正在找我的笔。（现在进行时）ThesecupsaremadeinChina.这些杯子是中国制造的。（被动语态）（2）have(has,had,having)与过去分词结合，构成完成时。Theyhaveknowneachotherfortwentyyears.他们互相认识有二十年了。（现在完成时）Hehadbuiltachemistrylabforhimselfattheageoften.他十岁时就已经为自己建了一个化学实验室。（过去完成时）（3）助动词do(does,did)后只能跟动词原形，与not及其他动词结合构成否定句，或置于主语之前构成疑问句。HedoesnotspeakEnglish.他不说英语。Whendidhecomeback?他什么时候回来的？（4）will(would),shall(should)：will能用于一般将来时的任何人称后；would是will的过去时，能用于过去将来时；两者后面都接动词原形。Theplanewillarriveintenminutes.飞机十分中后将要到达。Iwassurewewouldwin.我确信用我们会赢。shall与should这两个助动词本身没有词义，shall只能用于一般将来时的第一人称后；should是shall的过去时，只能用于过去将来时的第一人称后；两者后面都接动词原形。Weshallmeetattheschoolgatetomorrow.我们明天将在校门口见。ItoldthemthatIshoulddotheworkalone.我告诉他们我将独自做那项工作。（五）掌握情态动词can,must,need,may等基本句型结构及主要用法①情态动词在英文中是“辅助性”动词，用来表示说话人的语气或情态，包括请求、命令、允诺、可能、需要、敢于、愿望、义务、能力等。情态动词本身有词义，但词义不完全，不能单独用作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，且后面只跟动词原形。②情态动词的种类：原形过去式词义cancould能maymight可以（或许）mustmust(hadto)必须（不得不）willwould愿意shallshould应该needneeded需要daredared敢于一、连系动词类①变化类:become,get,turn,grow,make,come,go,fallgobad/hungry/mad/wrongfall(fell-fallen)ill/asleep※feel(felt-felt)sick/sleepy②感观类:look,sound,feel,taste,smellHisvoicesounds________.A.wellB.beautifullyC.excellentD.wonderfullyC③显得类:seem,appear,lookItlooksItseemsthat…Itappearsthat…④状态类:keep,stay,remain★prove,turnout1.Theweatherwill_____hotforanothertwoweeks.A.lastB.remainC.getD.turn2.Thehotweatherwill____anothertwodays.A.lastB.remainC.getD.turnBATheweatherturnedout(tobe)fine.Heproved(tobe)honest/anhonestperson.注：be,become,turn,remain可带名词Heremainsateacher.=Heisstillateacher.1.Hebecame_____teacher.A.aB.theC.anD./A二、使役、感观动词类：let(不用于被动）,make,havesee,lookat,watch,notice,observe,hearlistento,feel1.Thebossmadethem_____12hoursaday.A.workB.toworkC.workedD.working2.Theyweremade_______12hoursaday.A.workB.toworkC.workedD.workingAB口诀：不定式作宾语补足语时省to的动词【速记口诀】一感，二听，三让，四看，半帮助【妙语诠释】一感：feel；二听：hear，listento；三让：make，let，have；四看：see，notice，watch，observe；半帮助：help三、主动表被动类：(well,poorly,easily)sell,wash,burn,cook,cut,drive,dress,play,last,open,write,start,run,read,operate,break,measure,weigh1.Drywoodburnseasily.2.Theclothwasheswell.3.Themanalwaysdresseswell/poorly.4.Yourcompositionreadswellexceptforafewspellingmistakes.5.----Haveyougotaticketfortheconcert?----No,thetickets______wellandthey_______outlastweek.A.sell;weresol