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——雅思语法.Shelly1雅思英语语法材料第一章谓语动词第一讲时态一、时态表格（一）一般（现在、过去、将来、过去将来）一般现在过去将来过去将来肯定句式主is/are+…主v原/v单三+…主was/were+…主v-ed+…主be+v-ing主will/shall+v原…主is/aregoingtov：打算一般现在（主将从现）主beabouttodosth马上主will+be+doingsth将要主would/should+v原…主was/weregoingto+v原否定句主is/arenot+…主don’主was/werenot…主didn’t+v原…主be+not+v-ing主won’t/shallnot+v原主Was/Werenot——雅思语法.Shelly2式t/doesn’t+v原+…主is/arenotgoingto+v原goingto+v原主would/shouldnot+v原+…/疑问句式Is/Are主+…?Do/Does主+v原？Was/were主…?Did主+v原?Be主v-ing+…？Will/Shall主+v原？Is/Are主+v原？Would/Should主v原+…？Was/were主goingto+v原？意义重复、习惯；状态，客观；频度，次数；列车、航班动作已经完成；描述一系列动作；过去习惯将来计划、明确安排；预测、尚未安排、可能；考虑打算、事实预测过去谈论将来标志性的时间频度副词：always,often,rarely,usually,sometimes,seldom;yesterday;lastnight/week/monthseason/year;…ago;justnow;介词+过去的week/month/season/yeWhen,assoonas,after,before,until,aslongas;tomorrow…;next…;thenext…——雅思语法.Shelly3状语once/twice/three/four+次数；everyevening/dayweek/month/yearar/centuryin+表示将来的week/month/season/year…时态“三字经”：现在时，并不难；表重复，表习惯；表状态，表客观；有频度，有次数；看主语，定单三。（二）（现在、过去、将来、过去将来）进行进行现在过去将来过去将来肯定句式主is/are+v-ing主was/were+v-ing主will/shallbe+v-ing…主would+v原…主was/weregoingto+v原否定句式主is/arenot+v-ing主was/werenot+v-ing…主won’tbe+v-ing…主Was/Werenotgoingto+v原主wouldn’t+v原/疑问句式Is/Are主+v-ing…?Was/were主+v-ing…?Will主be+v-ing…？Would主+v原？Was/were主goingto+v原？意义说话时正在发为过去某一动将来进行着过去谈论将来进行——雅思语法.Shelly4生的状态；目前正在进行的工作作提供场景的动作；纯粹的将来计划或安排着的动作标志性的时间状语now;atthemoment,currently,presently,atpresent,thisweekmonth/yearwhen，while，asbythistimetomorrow…bthattime;thenextday（三）（现在、过去、将来、过去将来）完成完成现在过去将来过去将来肯定句式主has/have+v-ed…主had+v-ed…主willhave+v-ed…主wouldhave+v-ed…否定句式主has/havenotv-ed…主hadnot+v-ed…主+won’thave+v-ed主wouldn’thave+v-ed…疑问句式Has/Have主+v-ed…?Had主+v-ed…?Will主have+v-ed？Would主have+v-ed…?意义过去动作持续到现在；过去某时之前发生的动作将来某时之前完成的动过去将来某时之前完成的动作——雅思语法.Shelly5过去动作影响到现在作标志性的时间状语for+时间段，since+时间点;Ever,never,just,already,yet;before,tillnow,when,assoonas,bythetime…,after;nosooner…than…,hardly…when…Before,by+固定时间;in+某段时间Before,by+固定时间;in+某段时间（四）（现在、过去、将来、过去将来）完成进行完成进行现在过去将来过去将来肯定句式主has/havebeen+v-ing…主hadbeen+v-ing…主willhavebeen+v-ing…主wouldhave+been+v-ing…——雅思语法.Shelly6否定句式主has/havenotbeen+v-ing…主hadnotbeen+v-ing…主+won’thavebeen+v-ing…主wouldn’thavebeen+v-ing…疑问句式Has/Have主been+v-ing…?Had主been+v-ing…?Will主havebeen+v-ing…？Would主havebeen+v-ing…?意义某种状态或动作持续了多久过去之前某一动作持续的长短或动作本身将来某时之前某个动作或状态存在了多久过去将来某时之前动作或状态存在了多久标志性的时间状语for+时间段，since+时间点for+时间段，since+时间点bytheendof…bytheendof…二、基本时态演练1.Sciencestillacureforcancer.a.doesn’tfindc.hasn’tfoundb.haven’tfoundd.aren’tfinding2.WhilehearoutetotheIndies,ColumbusdiscoveredAmerica.a.searchedc.hadsearchedforb.wasdiscoveringd.wassearchingfor3.Existingreservesoffossilfuelby2045.a.havebeenrunoutc.isgoingtoberunout——雅思语法.Shelly7b.willhaverunoutd.haverunout4.Onlybyinvestingheavilyinvalue-addedexportsfromthepresenttradeimbalance.a.thecountrycanemergec.canthecountryemergeb.thecountrymightemerged.thecountryemerged5.Untilthe16thcenturytheearthtobeflat.a.isbelievedc.believedb.hasbeenbelievedd.wasbelieved6.Ifthetemperatureofthereactor500Chighermeltdownwouldhaveoccurred.a.wasc.wasbeingb.hadbeend.had7.Thelecturersaid‘It’stimeyoutheliteraturereview.’a.beganc.shouldbeginb.begind.arebeginning8.Afteryourresultsyoushouldmakeanappointmentwithyourtutor.a.youreceivingc.youhavereceivedb.youwouldhavereceivedd.youreceived9.Youtheexperimenttwice,notonce.a.shouldhavecarriedoutc.haven’tcarriedoutb.shouldn’thavecarriedoutd.couldn’thavecarriedout10.Thescientistswereprohibitedthedangerzone.atoentercenter——雅思语法.Shelly8..b.enteringd.fromentering三、时态改错1.Peopleshouldactaccordingtowhattheyarebelieving.2.Ingeneral,Ithinkourgovernmentspenttoomuchmoneyonspacetravel.3.Thesedays,moreandmorepeopletravelingtoverydistantplacesfortheirholidays.4.Iamhopingitisnottoolatetosavetheenvironment.5.Thefemalehenlayingonaverage5or6eggsperweek.6.Youngerdriversismorelikelytobeinvolvedinacaraccident.7.Mostdoctorsareagreeingthattheonlywaytoloseweightisbydoingmoreexercise.第二讲语态一、被动语态的形式一般进行完成现在主am/is/are+v-ed…主am/is/arebeing+v-ed…主has/havebeen+v-ed…过去主was/were主was/werebeing主hadbeen+v-ed…——雅思语法.Shelly9+v-ed…+v-ed…将来主willbe+v-ed…×主willhavebeen+v-ed…将来完成主wouldbe+v-ed…×主wouldhavebeen+v-ed…情态动词主can/could/may/might/shall/should/will/would/must/haveto/oughtto+be+v-ed…不定式…tobe+v-ed…;tohavebeen+v-ed二、被动语态使用情景（一）一般说来，当强调动作承受者，不必说出执行者或含糊不清的执行者时，多用被动式1.Iagreewiththestatementthatthereshouldbenogovernmentrestrictiononcreativeartistswhoexpressthemselvesinthewaytheydoandthattheymustbegivenfreedomforthesame.(IELTS4,Band7,p167)2.Thereisalmosteverythinggoodinwhatisgiventousthroughthemediaworldwhichismadeupofartists.(同上)3.Inconclusion,Istronglyagreewiththatchildrenshouldbetaughttocooperateratherthancompete.(IELTS5,Band6,p167)4.Itwasopenedintheyear1863,anditisalready140yearsold.(IELTS5,Band7,p168)——雅思语法.Shelly10（二）在描述事件和客观事实的时候，被动语态用得更多1.TheuseofelectricityinEnglandisindispensedwith.(IELTS4,Band6,p164)2.DemandforelectricityinEnglandduringtypicaldaysinwinterandsummerisillustratedinthegraph.(同上)3.TheuseofaverageEnglishhomeisshowninthepiechart.(同上)（三）主语是泛指很多人或者大部分人这个方面1.Amoredramaticriseispredictedbetween2030and20