EnglishBasicverbTenses(时态)&Voices(语态)时态和语态的主要考点1、考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。常考的时态为:一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时、一般将来时、将来进行时,将来完成时一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等。2、时间、条件、让步等状语从句中动词的时态;主从句时态呼应问题。3、延续性动词和终止性动词的用法区别。4、及物动词(vt.)的被动语态。5、某些以主动形式表被动意义的动词的用法。1)表经常性、习惯性的动作或状态,常与表示频率的时间状语连用,如always,often/usually/frequently,sometimes,every…,at…,onSundays/….动词的时态(Tenses)Fillintheblanks.I_____(study)hardabroadeverydayandI_____(get)alongwellwithmyroommates,butsometimesI_____(miss)myfamilies.studygetmiss.一.一般现在时(ThePresentIndefinite)Correctthesentence.Thegeographyteachertoldusthattheearthmovedaroundthesun._______2)表客观事实、普遍真理。注意:主语为第三人称单数(he/she/it或单个的人名、单个的事物名称)谓语动词+s/es,其余人称作主语谓语动词用原形.movesTheshopwillcloseat9:00p.m._____3)表示按计划、规定,时间表将要发生的动作或存在的状态,一般用于,come,go,start,begin,leave,arrive,return等位移/终止性动词,常与时间状语连用.Thetrainleavesat6tomorrowmorning.Whendoesthebusstart?Itstartsin2minutes.closes一般现在时的典型例句1.ProfessorWilliamskeepstellinghisstudentsthatthefuturebelongstothewelleducated.Ifitrainstomorrow,Iwon’tgothere.3.Remembertosendmeaphotoofusnexttimeyouwritetome.注意一些特殊的连词until,assoonas,themoment,immediately;aslongas,unless…4.Therecomesthebus.汽车来了Theregoesthebell.铃响了二.现在进行时(ThePresentContinuousTense)2)表示目前这段时间内正在进行的动作,但说话时动作未必正在进行。We___________(have)Englishclassnow.arehavingShe___________(learn)pianounderMr.Smithatpresent.islearning1)表示现在这个时刻(指说话时)正在发生的事情。Translatethesentence.这个女孩老是在公共场所高谈阔论。Thegirlisalwaystalkingloudinpublic.★进行时态与always,often/usually/frequently/constantly/allthetime等频度副词连用,表经常反复的行动或说话人赞叹或厌恶等感情色彩.3)现在进行时用来表示按计划即将发生的动作,多用于位移/终止性动词,如:come,go,arrive,leave,stay,fly,takeoff.I____________(leave)tomorrow._____you_______(stay)heretillnextweek?amleavingArestaying4.现在进行时可以表示现在不断发展变化的事情。It’slateAutumn.Theweatherisgettingcolderandcolder.Correctthesentence.AllthestudentshereisbelongingtoNo.1MiddleSchool.________belong(1)表心理状态、情感的动词:like,love,hate,care,remember,believe,want,mind,agree,mean,need(2)表存在的状态动词:have,appear,exist,lie,remain,seem,belongto,dependon。(3)瞬间动词:begin/start,allow,accept,permit,promise,admit,complete。(4)感官动词:see,hear,notice,feel,smell,sound,taste,look。【注意】一般情况下,下面4类动词无进行时态:现在进行时典型句型1.Heisalwaysaskingmethesamequestion.That‘sboring!2.----Doyouworkhere?--—No,I'mjusthelpingoutuntilthenewsecretarycomes.现在进行时和一般现在时的比较①暂时性动作和经常性动作Thecomputerisworkingperfectly.计算机运转得很好。(暂时)Thecomputerworksperfectly.计算机运转很好。(一直如此)②持续性动作和短暂性动作Thebusisstopping.车停了下来。(渐渐地)Thebusstops.车停了。(迅速)③暂时性动作和永久性动作Sheislivinginthecountry.她现在住在农村。(暂时)Shelivesinthecountry.她住在农村。(永久)④有感情色彩和没有感情色彩Heisdoingwellatschool.他在学校表现很好。(赞扬)Hedoeswellatschool.他在学校表现很好。(一般事实)三.现在完成时(ThepresentPerfectTense)1).现在完成时表示从过去开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态,通常用于延续性动词.常与表一段时间的状语连用,如:sofar,upto/tillnow,lately/recently,in/during/overthelast/past…,since…,for…等.He__________(live)inGuiyangoverthepast6years.haslived2).说话前发生的一次或多次的动作,成为了一种经历,表示过去的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常用的时间状语有:just,already,yet,ever,never,once,twice,manytimes等.We____________(finish)ourlunchalready.______youever______(try)thismethod?havefinishedHavetried注意:Ihavereceivedhisletterforamonth.Ihaven'treceivedhisletterforalmostamonth.非延续性/瞬间/终止性动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用于完成时态中,即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。如:begin/start,find,see,marry,buy,borrow,return,die,get等。(错)(对)Let’spractice1.Daniel__________(live)inBeijingsincehecametoChina.2.Theboysaretired.They_______________(justplay)aballgame.3.IwenttoEgyptin1986.Thenin2004Iwentthereagain.I__________(be)toEgypttwice.haslivedhavejustplayedhavebeensince和for填空•since+______,用来说明动作起始时间•for+_______,用来说明动作延续时间。•Ihavelivedhere____atleasttwentyyears.Ihavelivedhere____Iwasborn.时间点时间段forsince现在完成时典型句型1.Mybrotherhasneverbeenabroadbefore.2.Itis/hasbeenthreeyearssincehejoinedthearmy.3.In(over)thepast10years,ourschoolhavechangedalot.4.ItisthefirsttimethatIhavebeenthere.5.Howardisoneofthemostfamousexplorerstheworldhaseverknown.语篇填空Welcometoourschool.I’dliketointroduceyouplansforourschool.Alotofwork1____________(do)inthepastfewyears.Thelibrary2________________(complete)andisreadyforuse.Butwestillhavetodomorework.1.由时间状语inthepastfewyears可知。2.根据isreadyforuse可推出。hasbeendonehasbeencompleted四.现在完成进行时表示从过去开始的一个动作一直持续到现在,而且还在进行当中。强调的是“从过去到现在一直在进行”。其时间的判定由具体的时间段或上下句的语境决定。Nowthatsheisoutofajob,Lucy____goingbacktoschool,butshehasn’tdecidedyet.A.hadconsideredB.hasbeenconsideringC.consideredD.isgoingtoconsiderB句意:既然露西失业了,她一直在考虑返校读书,但她还没有定下来。现在完成时和现在完成进行时都表示动作从过去开始,但现在完成时可表示事件或动作刚结束,而现在完成进行时则强调动作仍在继续。现在完成时和现在完成进行时的对比:_______________________________________________past&pastpastnowfuture_______________________________________past&pastpastnowfuturePPT:havedonehavebeendoingPPCT•LiJia__________(read)abookaboutStonehenge.(Shefinishedreadingthebook.)•LiJia________________(read)abookaboutStonehenge.(Sheisstillreadingthebook.)hasreadhasbeenreading五.一般过去时(TheSimplePastTense)1.表过去发生了的动作或存在的状态。常与表过去的时间连用。如yesterday,last…,…ago,in…,then,justnow,theotherday等。I__________(spend)mychildhoodhappilywithmyoldfriendsinthecountrysideseveralyearsago.Spent注意:2.表示说话人始料未及的事情,要用一般过去时。Ididn’tknowitwasyou.Ineverexpectedyouwouldbringmeagift.一般过去时的典型例句1.Heoftensangwhenh