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LordByronGeorgeGordon,LordByron(1788-1824)AnEnglishpoet,borninLondon,England,Jan.22,1788,anddiedinMissolonghi,Greece,April19,1824.LordByronwasperhapsthemostfascinating&influentialliterarypersonalityoftheRomanticage.Aneloquentpoet,handsomenobleman&politicalrebel.Hewasoneofthemostpopular¬oriousfiguresofthe19thcentury.Hewasbornin1788withaclub–footandbecameextremelysensitiveabouthislameness.HewenttoHarrow,thentotheTrinityCollegeofCambridgein1807.In1809,ByronbecameamemberoftheHouseofLords.HisgrandtourtoSpainandGreeceresultedinChildeHarold'sPilgrimage(1812),anautobiographicalwork,whichmadehimfamousovernight.Hislife:In1815,hewasmarriedandhadadaughter.Theunhappymarriageendednextyear.In1816,heleftEnglandbecauseofhisdivorceandtherumorsthathehadanaffairwithhishalf-sister,andneverreturned.HesailedtoGenevatomeetShelleyandotherfriends,thentoGreecetohelpwiththefightagaintheTurkish,wherehegotafeveranddiedin1824Byron'slifefeaturedaristocraticexcesses,hugedebts,numerousloveaffairs,andself-imposedexile.ByronservedasaregionalleaderofItaly'srevolutionaryorganizationinitsstruggleagainstAustria.HelatertravelledtofightagainsttheOttomanEmpireintheGreekWarofIndependence,forwhichGreeksreverehimasanationalhero.HediedfromafevercontractedwhileinMessolonghiinGreece.HisMajorWorksHoursofIdleness(1807)HisfirstcollectionofpoetryreceivedbadreviewsChildeHarold’sPilgrimage(1812)anarrativepoembecameanadoredcharacterofLondonsociety“Iawokeonemorningtofindmyselffamous.”EnglishBardsAndScotchReviewersansweredhiscriticsDonJuan(1818--1823)Anepicsatire,unfinished,hismasterpieceCain(1821)alyricaldramaByronicheroAthemethatpervadesmuchofByron'sworkisthatoftheByronichero,anidealizedbutflawedcharacterwhoseattributesinclude:1)beingarebel;2)havingadistasteforsocialinstitutions;3)beinganexile;4)expressingalackofrespectforrankandprivilege;5)havinggreattalent;6)hidinganunsavourypast;7)beinghighlypassionate;8)ultimately,beingself-destructiveTheliteraryhistoryoftheByronicheroinEnglishcanbetracedfromMilton,especiallyMilton'sinterpretationofLuciferashavingjustifiedcomplaintagainstGod.Selectedreadings:TheIslesofGreeceAndwherearethey?andwhereartthou,Mycountry?OnthyvoicelessshoreTheheroiclayistunelessnow--Theheroicbosombeatsnomore!Andmustthylyre,solongdivine,Degenerateintohandslikemine?呵，他们而今安在？还有你呢，我的祖国？在无声的土地上，英雄的颂歌如今已沉寂——那英雄的心也不再激荡！难道你一向庄严的竖琴，竟至沦落到我的手里弹弄？'Tissomethinginthedearthoffame,Thoughlink'damongafetter'drace,Tofeelatleastapatriot'sshame,EvenasIsing,suffusemyface;Forwhatisleftthepoethere?ForGreeksablush--forGreeceatear.也好，置身在奴隶民族里，尽管荣誉都已在沦丧中，至少，一个爱国志士的忧思，还使我的作歌时感到脸红；因为，诗人在这儿有什么能为？为希腊人含羞，对希腊国落泪。WhenWeTwoPartedWhenwetwopartedInsilenceandtears,Halfbroken-heartedToseverforyears,Palegrewthycheekandcold,Colderthykiss;TrulythathourforetoldSorrowtothis.想从前我们俩分手，默默无言地流着泪，预感到多年的隔离，我们忍不住心碎；你的脸冰凉、发白，你的吻更似冷冰，呵，那一刻正预兆了我今日的悲痛。WhenWeTwoPartedThedewofthemorningSankchillonmybrow---ItfeltlikethewarningOfwhatIfeelnow.Thyvowsareallbroken,Andlightisthyfame;Ihearthynamespoken,Andshareinitsshame.清早凝结着寒露,冷彻了我的额角，那种感觉仿佛是对我此刻的警告。你的誓言全破碎了，你的行为如此轻浮：人家提起你的名字，我听了也感到羞辱。WhenWeTwoPartedTheynametheebeforeme,Aknelltomineear;Ashuddercomeso'erme---Whywertthousodear?TheyknownotIknewthee,Whoknewtheetoowell:---Long,longshallIruethee,Toodeeplytotell.他们当着我讲到你，一声声有如丧钟；我的全身一阵颤栗—为什么对你如此情重？没有人知道我熟识你，呵，熟识得太过了——我将长久、长久地悔恨，这深处难以为外人道。WhenWeTwoPartedInsecretwemet---InsilenceIgrieve,Thatthyheartcouldforget,Thyspiritdeceive.IfIshouldmeettheeAfterlongyears,HowshouldIgreetthee?---Withsilenceandtears.你我秘密地相会，我又默默地悲伤，你竟然把我欺骗，你的心终于遗忘。如果很多年以后，我们又偶然会面，我将要怎样招呼你？只有含着泪，默默无言。1808年查良铮译WhenWeTwoPartedIttellsthestoryofacouplethatsharedasecretrelationshipandisforcedtoseparateforaperiodoftime,andduringthisperiod,thepersontowhomthepoemisdirectedtocommitsanactofindiscretionandthespeakerisshamedandbetrayed.Ifheshouldmeethisbelovedagain,hewillgreetherwith“silenceandtears.”ThepoemisaboutFrancesWebster,whomByrondidn’tseducebecauseshewasanewlywed;butwithinayearitwasreportedshewashavinganaffairwithsomeoneelse,soByronfeltcheated.Althoughthepublicationdateforthispoemis1808,Byronactuallywroteitin1813.Thiswastokeeptheidentityofthepersonasecret.