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.AlexanderPope（1688-1744）Amovementinthe18thcenturythatadvocatedtheuseofreasoninthereappraisalofacceptedideasandsocialinstitutionsEnlightenmentBiographicalinformationWorksLiteraryStyleAlexanderPope’sfamousquotationsTheRapeoftheLockBiographicalinformationBirthdate:21May1688Deathdate:30May1744Nationality:EnglishLanguages:EnglishFrenchltalianLatinGreekEducation--RomanCatholicschoolatTwyford--SchoolatMarylebonekeptbyThomasDeane--SchoolatHydeParkCorner,keptbyThomasDeaneReligion:RomanCatholicPolitics:ToryLiteraryperiod:AugustanIllness:Pott’sdiseaseBuriedat:TwickenhamChurchWorksAnEssayOnCriticism，Wrotein1711TheRapeOfTheLock,1712-14Dunciad,1728-Widenedin1742AnEssayOnMan,1733-34Translations:Homer'sIliad,1715-20Homer'sOdyssey,1726LiteraryStyleAlexanderPopewasbestknownforhissatiricalverse.Heisfamousforhisuseoftheheroiccouplet.HeroicCoupletisatraditionalformforEnglishpoetry;commonlyusedforepicandnarrativepoetry.itreferstopoemsconstructedformasequenceofrhymingpairsofiambicpentameterlines.Therhymeisalwaysmasculine.MaincontentsHelamentsthedearthoftruetasteinpoeticcriticismofhisdayHeoffershisownideasandpresentstheclassicalrulesHetracesthehistoryofliterarycriticsPopethinkbadcriticismdoesgreaterharmthanbadwriting.Sohethinkliteraturerequiresworthycriticism.Criticismisveryimportant.AlexanderPope’sfamousquotationsForfoolsrushinwhereangelsfeartotread.傻瓜总是胆大妄为Toerrishuman,toforgive,divine.是人都会犯错，你能原谅别人，你就是圣人Alittlelearningisadangerousthing.浅薄的学识是一件危险的事(fromAnEssayonCriticism)Tobeangryistorevengethefaultsofothersonourselves.生气是拿别人的错误来惩罚自己Oncetruthisclear,whateveris,isright.真理一经澄清，就是正确的，无论它是什么(fromAnEssayonMan)TheRapeoftheLockDirectoryIntroduction:TheMock-EpicAtthebeginningofTheRapeoftheLock,Popeidentifiestheworkasa“heroi-comicalpoem.”Today,thepoem–andotherslikeit–isreferredtoasamock-epicandsometimesasamock-heroic.Suchaworkparodies(仿作)theserious,elevatedstyleoftheclassicalepicpoem–suchasTheIliadorTheOdyssey(Homer)–topokefunathumanfollies.Thus,amock-epicisatypeofsatire;ittreatspettyhumansorinsignificantoccurrencesasiftheywereextraordinaryorheroic,likethegreatheroesandeventsofHomer'stwogreatepics.Inwriting“TheRapeoftheLock”PopeImitatedthecharacteristicsofHomer’sepics,aswellaslaterepicssuchasTheAeneid(Vergil),TheDivineComedy(Dante),andParadiseLost(Milton).Manyofthesecharacteristicsarelistedbelow,under“EpicConventions.”(史诗约定）DirectoryIntroduction:TheMock-EpicCharactersBelinda:Beautifulyoungladywithwondroushair,twolocksofwhichhanggracefullyincurls.TheBaron:YoungadmirerofBelindawhoplotstocutoffoneofherlocks.Ariel:Belinda'sguardiansylph(supernaturalcreature).Clarissa:YoungladywhogivestheBaronscissors.Umbriel:SpritewhoentersthecaveoftheQueenofSpleentoseekhelpforBelinda.QueenofSpleen:UnderworldgoddesswhogivesUmbrielgiftsforBelinda.Thalestris:FriendofBelinda.ThalestrisurgesSirPlumetodefendBelinda'shonor.SirPlume:BeauofThalestris.HescoldstheBaron.Sylphs,Fairies,Genies,Demons,PhantomsandOtherSupernaturalCreaturesDirectoryIntroduction:TheMock-EpicCharactersThemethefussthathighsocietymakesovertriflingmatters,suchasbreachesofdecorum（礼仪）.Inthepoem,afeud（争执）ofepicproportionseruptsaftertheBaronstealsalockofBelinda’shair.Inthereal-lifeincidentonwhichPopebasedhispoem,thePetreandtheFermorfamilieshadafalling-outafterLordPetresnippedoffoneofArabellaFermor’slocks.OtherthemesthatPopedevelopsinthepoemIncludehumanvanityandtheimportanceofbeingabletolaughatlife’slittlereversals.Thelattermotifisakindof“moraltothestory.”ClarissatouchesuponbothofthesethemeswhenaddressingtearfulBelinda,shornofherlock.DirectoryIntroduction:TheMock-EpicCharactersThemeVerseFormatPopewroteTheRapeoftheLockinheroiccouplets.Aheroiccoupletisaunitoftworhyminglinesiniambicpentameter.Alineofverseiniambicpentameterconsistsof10syllables.Thefirstsyllableisunaccented（不发重音的）,thesecondaccented,thethirdunaccented,thefourthaccented,andsoon.Theentirepoemconsistsofoneheroiccoupletfollowedbyanother,asdemonstratedbythefirstfourlinesofthepoem:Whatdireoffencefromam'rouscausesspringsWhatmightycontestsrisefromtrivialthingsIsing–ThisversetoCARYL,Muse!isdue:This,ev'nBelindamayvouchsafetoview.DirectoryIntroduction:TheMock-EpicCharactersThemeVerseFormatFiguresofSpeechThemainfigureofspeechinTheRapeoftheLockishyperbole.SolthroughwhiteCurtainsshotatim'rousRay,Andope'dthoseEyesthatmusteclipsetheDay.ThisNymph,totheDestructionofMankind,Nourish'dtwoLockswhichgracefulhungbehindThankyou!