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Unit5SourcesofInformationWhatisINFORMATION?•Information(shortenedasinfo)isthatwhichinforms.Inotherwords,itistheanswertoaquestionofsomekind.•late14c.,informacion,actofinforming,communicationofnews,fromOldFrenchinformacion,enformacionadvice,instruction,fromLatininformationem(nominativeinformatio)outline,concept,idea,nounofactionfrompastparticiplestemofinformaretotrain,instruct,educate;shape,giveformto(seeinform).TherestoredLatinspellingisfrom16c.WhatisINFORMATION?•Meaningknowledgecommunicatedconcerningaparticulartopicisfrommid-15c.Thewordwasusedinreferencetotelevisionbroadcastsignalsfrom1937;topunch-cardoperatingsystemsfrom1944;toDNAfrom1953.Informationtheoryisfrom1950;informationtechnologyisfrom1958(coinedinHarvardBusinessReview);informationrevolution,tobebroughtaboutbyadvancesincomputing,isfrom1966.Informationoverloadisby1967.Discussion:Wheredoyougotogetyoureverydayinformation?Whatsourcesinformationdoyouusuallyuseandwhy?Infromationfrom:peersexperiencesbookslibraries...Howdoyougettheinformationyouneedwhendoingyourhomework?Howdoyougettheinformationyouneedwhenyouareinastrangeplace?Howdoyougettheinformationyouneedwhenyourcellphoneisstolenonthebus?lead-in•Listentothepassageandtrytofilltheblanks.Dialogue1•Howhavethingsbeengoingsincewelasttalked?•Prettygood.Iguess,sure,Ican’tcomplainmuchbut….•Theydifferfromsearchenginesinonemajorway–•Arethereanumberofdifferencesbetweendirectoriesaswell?•Infact,thereare.•Ohwowthatjustissocrazyandthatmakesdirectoriessomuchclearer.•Justonelastquestion.•Sohowaboutbuyingyouacupofcoffee?Dialogue2•Howhavethingsbeengoingwith…•MaybeIcouldteachyouathingortwo…•Exactly.•Ishouldhaveknown…andshouldhaveinvitedyou…•Noway.•GooglehasbeenafavoriteaswellasYahoo.HereisalsoHotBot.•Soundslike…Homework•Searchsomeinformationontelephoneandtelephoneoperator.PassageAInformation,PleaseTelephone•In1876,ScottishemigrantAlexanderGrahamBellwasthefirsttobegrantedaUnitedStatespatentforadevicethatproducedclearlyintelligiblereplicationofthehumanvoice.•Theessentialelementsofatelephoneareamicrophone(transmitter)tospeakintoandanearphone(receiver)whichreproducesthevoiceinadistantlocation.Inaddition,mosttelephonescontainaringerwhichproducesasoundtoannounceanincomingtelephonecall,andadialorkeypadusedtoenteratelephonenumberwheninitiatingacalltoanothertelephone.TelephoneOperator•History•Womenasswitchboardoperators•WhenIwasquiteyoung,Idiscoveredthatlivedanamazingperson.作为地点状语的介词词组或副词前置引起完全倒装。•Inthedoorwaystoodamanwithagun.•Tothelistmaybeaddedthefollowingnames.•Upwentthearrowintotheair.•Sherangthebell.Incameagirlshehadnotseenbefore.Readily•quicklyandeasily•Thecomponentsarereadilyavailableinhardwarestores.•这些零件在五金商店容易买到。•Thesedataarenotreadilyavailable.•这些资料不是轻易能得到的。•Ourbossisnotonetotakeupreadilywithnewideas.•我们的老板不是一个容易接受新思想的人。readilynowthat•Thedataisreadilyavailable,nowthatyouareabletosurftheInternetathome.•SimulatedTranslation•因为你是我的朋友，我会很乐意帮你学英语。•IcanreadilyhelpyouwithyourEnglish,nowthatyouaremyfriend.birdsshouldsingsobeautifullyandbringjoytoallfamilies,onlytoendupasaheapoffeathersonthebottomofacage?•Translation:为什么有些雇员如此努力地工作，却在第一个季度结束时就被解雇了？情态动词+have+done•Shemydeepconcern,forshesaidquietly,...•一、“must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句。•1.Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet.•昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。•2.Youmusthavebeenmadtospeaktotheservant.•你和仆人说话，一定是发疯了。情态动词+have+done•二、“can't+have+done”表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成“不可能做过某事”。•1.Mr.Smithcan'thavegonetoBeijing,forIsawhiminthelibraryjustnow.•史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚才还在图书馆见过他。•2.Marycan'thavestolenyourmoney.Shehasgonehome.•玛丽不可能偷你的钱，她回家去了。•三、“can+have+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“可能做过……吗？”。•1.Thereisnolightintheroom.Cantheyhavegoneout?•屋里没有灯，他们可能出去了吗？•2.Thereisnowheretofindthem.Wherecantheyhavegone?•到处找不到他们，他们可能到什么地方去呢？情态动词+have+done•四、“could+have+done”是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。•Hecouldhavepassedtheexam,buthewastoocareless.•本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。•五、“might+have+done”表示对过去事情的推测，might与may意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。•1.Hemighthavegivenyoumorehelp,eventhoughhewasbusy.•他或许会多给你一些帮助，即使他很忙。•2.Shemighthaveachievedgreaterprogress,ifyouhadgivenhermorechances.•如果你多给她点机会，她可能已经取得更大的成绩。情态动词+have+done•六、“should+have+done”意思是“本来应该做某事，而实际没做。”“shouldn't+have+done”表示本来不应该做某事，而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含意。•1.Tom,youaretoolazy.Theworkshouldhavebeenfinishedyesterday.•汤姆，你太懒惰了，这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。•2.Look,Tomiscrying.Ishouldn'thavebeensoharshonhim.•看，汤姆哭了，我本来不应该对他如此严厉。sense•1.becomeawareofnotthroughthesensesbutinstinctively;•Thehorsesenseddangerandstopped.•马感觉到了危险，于是停了下来。•Lisasensedthathedidnotbelieveher.•莉萨意识到他不相信她。•2.comprehend;•Isensedtherealmeaningofhisletter•Canyousensetheessenceofthispoem?•你能理解这首诗的精华吗？•AsIgrewintomyteens,thosechildhoodconversationsme.•Translation：到了老年时，那些对大学美好时光的回忆从未真正地从脑海中消退。mean•Iwonderifyouhaveanyideahowmuchyoutomeduringthattime?•haveaspecifieddegreeofimportance;•Myjobmeansnothingtome•HappinessmeanseverythingDiscussion•Whatdidtheoperatormeanwhenshesaid“Thereareotherworldstosingin?”Retellingrelay•Thefirststudentretellsthestorywithonesentence,andthesecondonegoesonretellingitwithanothersentence.Nowretellthestorywi