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Unit5SourcesofinformationLeadinWhatareyourkeysourcesofinformation?Doyougetmostofyourinformationbytalkingtootherpeople?PeoplecouldalreadydothatintheStoneAge.Whentheprintingpresswasinventedseveralhundredyearsago,1)_______sourcesbecameimportanttoanyonewhocouldread.Nowweread2)_________andnewspapersasmuchaswereadbooks.Butwealsogetalotofinformationfrom3)_________sources.Radioisnotyet100yearsold,4)_________hasonlybeenpopularforabout50years,andthe5)_______isyoungerthanallthestudentsinthisclass.Yetthesearesomeofourfavorites.Whatareyour6)________?Howmanydifferentsourcesofinformationdoyouuseinatypicalday?Nowlet’stalk.Withthehelpofthepictures,discussthefollowingtopicswithyourpartner.Informationfrompeers:talks,discussionsandlectures...1.Wheredoyougotogetyoureverydayinformation?2.Whatsourcesofinformationdoyouusuallyuseandwhy?Withthehelpofthepictures,discussthefollowingtopicswithyourpartner.Informationfromexperiences:practice,experiments,visitsandcollections...1.Wheredoyougotogetyoureverydayinformation?2.Whatsourcesofinformationdoyouusuallyuseandwhy?Withthehelpofthepictures,discussthefollowingtopicswithyourpartner.Informationfrombooks,newspapers,TV,radioandtheInternet...1.Wheredoyougotogetyoureverydayinformation?2.Whatsourcesofinformationdoyouusuallyuseandwhy?Withthehelpofthepictures,discussthefollowingtopicswithyourpartner.Informationfromlibraries,archives,databasesandmuseums...1.Wheredoyougotogetyoureverydayinformation?2.Whatsourcesofinformationdoyouusuallyuseandwhy?•Informationcancomefromvirtuallyanywhere--personalexperiences,books,articles,expertopinions,encyclopedias,theWeb--andthetypeofinformationyouneedwillchangedependingonthequestionyouaretryingtoanswer.Lookatthefollowingsourcesofinformation.Noticethesimilaritiesbetweenthem.•信息可以来自任何地方——个人经历、书、文章、专家意见、百科全书以及web等。你需要什么样的信息取决于你想要解决的问题。请看下列信息源。注意它们之间的相似性。CONTENT•magazines•journal•newspaper•books•Theweb•email•Amagazineisacollectionofarticlesandimagesaboutdiversetopicsofpopularinterestandcurrentevents.Usuallythesearticlesarewrittenbyjournalistsorscholarsandaregearedtowardtheaverageadult.Magazinesmaycoververyseriousmaterial,buttofindconsistentscholarlyinformationyoushouldusejournals.•杂志收集了关于流行热点和和当前实事的各种各样的文章和观点。通常这些文章是新闻工作者或者学者撰写的，主要供大多数成年人阅读。杂志可能覆盖十分“严肃”材料，但是为了找到可靠的学术信息你应该使用期刊。UseaMagazine•tofindinformationoropinionsaboutpopularculture•tofindup-to-dateinformationaboutcurrentevents•tofindgeneralarticlesforpeoplewhoarenotnecessarilyspecialistsaboutthetopic为了寻找关于流行文化的信息和观点为了得到当前事件的实时信息为了找到供某一领域非专业人士阅读的文章ExamplesofMagazinesU.S.NewsandWorldReport《美国新闻和世界报道》NewYorker《纽约人》SportsIllustrated《体育画报》TIME《时代》Science《科学》GOLF《高尔夫》•Ajournalisacollectionofarticlesusuallywrittenbyscholarsinanacademicorprofessionalfield.Aneditorialboardreviewsarticlestodecidewhethertheyshouldbeaccepted.Articlesinjournalscancoververyspecifictopicsornarrowfieldsofresearch.Sincejournalsarepublishedonaregularorperiodicbasistheyaregroupedinthecategorycalledperiodicals.Electronicjournals,callede-journals,arepublishedontheWebbyscholarlyorganizationsandaremadeavailabletoyoufromyourlibrary.•一本期刊通常收集了在某个学术的或者专业的领域的学者们撰写的文章。一个社论版面回顾刊载过的文章来决定他们是否应该被认可（接受）。在期刊中的文章能够（可能）涉及十分具体（专业）的主题或者狭小的研究领域。由于期刊的出版是以规律性和定时性为基础的，所以它们被划分在被称为“定期刊物”的种类中。电子期刊，又被称为e期刊，是由学术组织发布在网络上的，并且可以通过你的图书馆的到（获取）它们。UseaJournal•whendoingscholarlyresearch•tofindoutwhathasbeenstudiedonyourtopic•tofindbibliographiesthatpointtootherrelevantresearch•当做学术研究时•为了找到在你的主题上已经有什么样研究成果•为了找到涉及其它有关的（相关）研究的文献ExamplesofJournalsJournalofCommunication•JournaloftheAmericanMedical•TheHistorian•Association•Lancet•《通信期刊》•《美国医学协会期刊》•《历史学家》•《柳叶刀》•Anewspaperisacollectionofarticlesaboutcurrenteventsusuallypublisheddaily.Sincethereisatleastoneineverycity,itisagreatsourceforlocalinformation.Newspapers,likejournalsandmagazines,arecalledperiodicalsbecausetheyarepublishedonaregularorperiodicbasis.•报纸通常是每天发行的，它收集了关于当前事件的各种文章。因为在每座城市至少有一份当地报纸，所以报纸是了解当地信息最佳途径。像期刊和杂志一样，报纸也被叫做“定期刊物”。因为它们的发行也是以时间上的规律性为基础的。UseaNewspapertofindcurrentinformationaboutinternational,nationalandlocalevents•tofindeditorials,commentaries,expertorpopularopinions•为了找到关于国际，国内和本地事件的最新消息•为了找到社论，评论，专家或者大众的观点ExamplesNewYorkTimes《纽约时报》ChinaDaily《中国日报》People’sDaily《人民日报》ChutianMetropolisDaily《楚天都市报》ReferenceNews《参考消息》WuhanMorningNewsWuhanEveningNewsTitanSportsWeeklyUseaBook•whenlookingforcomprehensiveinformationonatopic•toputyourtopicincontextwithotherimportantissues•tofindhistoricalinformation•tofindsummariesofresearchtosupportanargument当寻找关于某一话题的综合信息时将你的话题与其他重要的问题联系在一起时为找到有关历史的信息为找到支持某一论点的研究概要•Examples•例如•Grazulis,ThomasP.TheTornado:Nature'sUltimateWindstorm,2001.•Nash,GaryB.ed.TheAmericanPeople:CreatingaNationandaSociety,1990.•Silverstone,Roger,ed.VisionsofSuburbia,1997.•Bookscovervirtuallyanytopic,factorfiction.Forresearchpurposes,youwillprobablybelookingforbooksthatsynthesizealltheinformationononetopictosupportaparticularargumentorthesis.Librariesorganizeandstoretheirbookcollectionsonshelvescalledstacks.Electronicbooks,callede-books,maybepurchasedonlineormaybeavailableforfreefromyourlibrary.•实际上，图书包含任何话题、事实或虚构的东西。出于研究的