雅思大作文的结构及写作方法

大作文的结构及写作方式两种类型议论文argument说明文report议论文议论文一般针对的是题目中的一个话题(somepeoplethink)，以及部分人对这个话题的想法(somepeoplethink,whileothersbelieve,有些人认为。。。当另外一些人认为)，然后要求你是不是同意或者是发表你自己的看法（Ithinkthisiscorrect/true;Idisagreewiththis）。这类题目通常会在题目中引述一个观点，然后要求你针对那个观点，进行写作。议论文比较基于主观事实描述，一般来说，文章的主体是以为什么而展开，，作者需要通过解释，论证从而达到一个比较合理的能够具有说服力的一个层次。作者要展开自己的想法，并要通过论证，让读者认为你所写的是正确的，合理的。议论文议论文通常有两种问法：1.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree??(你从多大程度上同意这个观点)题目中一部分人只会提出对于某个问题所产生的一个看法。作者所要进行论证就是你是否同意这么一个看法Protectingwildanimalsisawasteofresources.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreewiththisopinion?Givereasonsforyouranswerandincludeanyrelevantexamplesfromyourownknowledgeorexperience.结构：四段或五段引言部分：提出主题（描述当前背景），改写复述题目，表明自己的观点，衔接下文。正文第一段：原因1正文第二段：原因2正文第三段：原因3（可省略）结尾：重申主题，建议措施，展望未来引言部分：提出主题（描述当前背景），改写复述题目，表明自己的观点，衔接下文。Asisknowntoall,thebigcontradictionbetweenthelimitationoflandandtherapidlyincreasingdemandforitcausesanalarmingheadacheofhumanbeings.Toimprovethesituation,somepeoplesuggestweinstantlygiveupprotectingwildanimals,thereasonforwhich,accordingtothem,issimplythattheybelievetherewillbenospareplacesforthewildanimalsastheirhabitatsinthe21stcentury,andthusitisnothingbutawasteofresourcestocarryouttheprotection.AsfarasIamconcerned,theso-called“suggestion”isextremelyridiculousandhasnopointatall.正文第一段：原因1Justlikehumanbeings,wildanimalsaretheindispensiblepartoftheearth.Thecoexistenceofanimalsandhumanbeingscreatesharmonyandbringsaboutthevividnesstoourplanet.Anincreasingnumberofpeoplecometorealizethatthedisappearanceofanimalswillresultinhugethreattothebalanceofecosystem.Ifonespeciesdieout,itisinevitablethatotherspeciesonthefoodchainwillbeputinverydangeroussituation,whichwilldefinitelycauseaseriesofterribleproblemsfortheearth.正文第二段：原因2Itishardtoimaginewhatourworldwouldbelikewithoutanimals.Sociologistsalsopointoutthatthedisappearanceofanimalscancausesocialandeconomicproblems.Animalstrade,asasupportingsectortotheworldeconomy,wouldbeoutofcontrolandalargenumberofanimalswouldbekilledformoreprofit.结尾：重申主题，建议，展望Certainly,ourdietcannotlivewithoutmeat.Therearelivingstocks,whichcanprovideuswithsufficientandnutritiousproduce.Therefore,weneednottoresorttowildanimals,especiallytheendangeredones.Toprotectanimalsistoprotectourlivingenvironment.Everyindividualshouldjoineffortstokeepthediversityofanimals.练习：Somepeoplebelievethatstudentswhowanttogotouniversityaftergraduationfromhighschoolshouldgainsomeworkexperienceorhaveatraveltoenlargetheirvision.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreewiththisopinion?五段Homework:Thecomputeriswidelyusedineducation,andsomepeoplethinkteachersdonotplayimportantrolesintheclassroom.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?practiceToday’schildrenarelivingundermorepressurefromsocietythanchildreninthepast.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreewiththeopinion?Writinganoutline一边倒开头—提出主题，表明观点，引出下文主体段1—原因1主体段2—原因2结尾—重申主题，建议措施开头现在的孩子们生活条件比以前好了很多，但是也比过去的孩子承受了更多的压力。我认为，现在的孩子们的童年与过去的孩子们比起来的确不那么多姿多彩无忧无虑。Nowadayschildrenaregrowingupinmorefavorableconditionsthaneverbefore.However,theyarealsofacedwithmuchgreaterpressurethanchildreninthepast.Asforme,theirchildhoodisindeedlesscolourfulandcarefreethanthatofthechildreninthepast.主体段1首先，学业负担尤其沉重。（扩展主题句，延长因果链，假设论证，举例论证）Firstly,theburdenwithacademiclearninghasbecomeextremelyheavy.Ithasbecomeatrendforkidstotakeextracoursesbeyondtheirnormalschoolcurriculum,forparentsbelievethatthiscanensuretheirchildrenachancetoabetteruniversity.Andonlyabetteruniversitycanensuretheirkidsagoodjobinthefuture.Thiswouldnodoubtbringhugepressuretotheirchildren,affectingtheirhealthbothphysicallyandmentally.主体段2另一方面，就业的压力也越来越大。（举例论证，因果链）Secondly,thepressureofemploymentisbecominggreaterandgreater.Statisticsshowthatin2007aboutonemillioncollegegraduatesfailedtofindjobs.Mostofthemheldbachelor’sandevenmaster’sdegrees.Thefactthatevenwell-educatedpeopleareconfrontedwithunemploymentproblemsurgeschildrentoobtainmoreskillsandbecomemoreversatilesoastostaycompetitiveonthejobmarket.结尾段重申观点，导致后果，如何解决Fromtheabovediscussion,wecaneasilycometoaconclusionthatchildrendoliveundermorepressurethaneverbefore.Undersomuchworkandpressure,itisdifficultforthemtodevelopgoodpersonalitiesandinterpersonalcommunicationskills.Theymaybecomesolitaryandevensufferfromcertainmentalillnesses.Therefore,ourgovernmentandsocietyshouldcreateopportunitiesandreformoureducationalmechanismtoletourkidsenjoytheirsupposedhappychildhood.2.Discussbothviewsandgiveyouropinion(讨论双方观点然后给出你自己的看法)与第一个题目不同的地方在于，这个题目相对来说，是针对了一个话题，两组人，对于这个话题，产生的相反的不同的看法，题目要求的就是作者针对这两种看法，表达你自己的观点。写法一：一边倒的写法。和前面agreeordisagree写法相同第一段提出主题，两种看法，你的看法，同意A或B中间段落表明你的看法的原因也可以在一个段落描述另一种看法的合理性结尾总结，提出建议措施等。Now,airtravelhasbecomecheaperthaninthepast.Somepeoplesaythatisapositivedevelopment,whilesomepeopledisagreewiththis.Whatdoyouthink?Giveyourreasons.outline开头：引出主题，表明观点主体段1--飞机旅行的好处1主体段2–飞机旅行的好处2结尾–论述相反观点，重申自己立场，提出建议开头：如何引出主题？对比写法提出观点Nowadays,peoplecanchoosetotravelbybus,train,ship,andairplane.Inthepast,travellingbyairwastooexpensivetobepopular,butthingsaredifferentnow:airtravelhasbecomemuchcheaper.Therefore,Iarguethatthisis