考研英语辅导:英语知识点答疑(一)

整理文档很辛苦,赏杯茶钱您下走!

免费阅读已结束,点击下载阅读编辑剩下 ...

阅读已结束,您可以下载文档离线阅读编辑

资源描述

第1页共3页考研英语辅导:英语知识点答疑(一)一、答疑之“七选五”分析:LongbeforeManlivedontheEarth,therewerefishes,reptiles,birds,insects,andsomemammals.Althoughsomeoftheseanimalswereancestorsofkindslivingtoday,othersarenowextinct,thatis,theyhavenodescendantsalivenow.1).Veryoccasionallytherocksshowimpressionofskin,sothat,apartfromcolor,wecanbuildupareasonablyaccuratepictureofananimalthatdiedmillionsofyearsago.Thatkindofrockinwhichtheremainsarefoundtellsusmuchaboutthenatureoftheoriginalland,oftenoftheplantsthatgrewonit,andevenofitsclimate.2).Nearlyallofthefossilsthatweknowwerepreservedinrocksformedbywateraction,andmostoftheseareofanimalsthatlivedinornearwater.Thusitfollowsthattheremustbemanykindsofmammals,birds,andinsectsofwhichweknownothing.3).Therewerealsocrablikecreatures,whosebodieswerecoveredwithahornysubstance.Thebodysegmentseachhadtwopairsoflegs,onepairforwalkingonthesandybottom,theotherforswimming.Theheadwasakindofshieldwithapairofcompoundeyes,oftenwiththousandsoflenses.Theywereusuallyaninchortwolongbutsomewere2feet.4).Ofthese,theammonitesareveryinterestingandimportant.Theyhaveashellcomposedofmanychambers,eachrepresentingatemporaryhomeoftheanimal.Astheyounggrewlargeritgrewanewchamberandsealedoffthepreviousone.ThousandsofthesecanbeseenintherocksontheDorsetCoast.5).About75millionyearsagotheAgeofReptileswasoverandmostofthegroupsdiedout.Themammalsquicklydeveloped,andwecantracetheevolutionofmanyfamiliaranimalssuchastheelephantandhorse.Manyofthelatermammalsthoughnowextinct,wereknowntoprimitivemanandwerefeaturedbyhimincavepaintingsandonbonecarvings.[A]Theshellfishhavealonghistoryintherockandmanydifferentkindsareknown.[B]Nevertheless,weknowagreatdealaboutmanyofthembecausetheirbonesandshellshavebeenpreservedintherocksasfossils.Fromthemwecantelltheirsizeandshape,howtheywalked,thekindoffoodtheyate.[C]Thefirstanimalswithtruebackboneswerethefishes,firstknownintherocksof375millionyearsago.About300millionyearsagotheamphibians,theanimalsabletolivebothonlandandinwater,appeared.Theyweregiant,sometimes8feetlong,andmanyofthemlivedintheswampypoolsinwhichourcoalseam,orlayer,orformed.Theamphibiansgaverisetothereptilesandfornearly150millionyearstheseweretheprincipalformsoflifeonland,inthesea,andintheair.[D]Thebestindexfossilstendtobemarinecreature.Thereanimalsevolvedrapidlyandspreadoverlargeoverlargeareasoftheworld.[E]Theearliestanimalswhoseremainshavebeenfoundwereallverysimplekindsandlivedinthesea.Laterformsaremorecomplex,andamongthesearethesea-lilies,relationsofthe第2页共3页star-fishes,whichhadlongarmsandwereattachedbyalongstalktotheseabed,ortorocks.[F]Whenananimaldies,thebody,itsbones,orshell,mayoftenbecarriedawaybystreamsintolakesortheseaandtheregetcoveredupbymud.Iftheanimallivedintheseaitsbodywouldprobablysinkandbecoveredwithmud.Moreandmoremudwouldfalluponituntilthebonesorshellbecomeembeddedandpreserved.[G]Manyfactorscaninfluencehowfossilsarepreservedinrocks.Remainsofanorganismmaybereplacedbyminerals,dissolvedbyanacidicsolutiontoleaveonlytheirimpression,orsimplyreducedtoamorestableform.[试题分析]本篇是一篇科普文章,介绍的是史前类动物。文章结构比较清晰,首先用一般性的介绍来引入史前类动物和记载它们形体和活动的化石,接下来的几段就逐渐按照进化的顺序来一一介绍各种动物。接下来我们具体分析一下五个空白处的内容。1、考查知识点:段落主题+句子之间的逻辑联系先看空白处的位置(句中),再看一下空白处的上下文。上文讲的是许多生物都已经灭绝,没有后代生活在这个世界上。下文讲的是化石使我们了解了这些生物的形态。可以推断,空白处是一个衔接的句子,应该是从生物到化石介绍的过渡,再看选项中,[A][B][E]都提到了这两方面内容,但[A][E]谈的是具体的一些生物,不是这段泛泛而谈的所有生物,因此不契合。[B]是正确答案2.考查的知识点:下文的新信息本题考查寻找特征词的能力。在该题中,根据就近原则在该题后的句子中找到“thefossils”和“wateraction”为特征词。“thefossils”说明“fossils”一词是至少是第二次出现,因为它前面加了定冠词the,通过仔细观察并不难发现,2以及其前面的内容中都没有fossils,这就确定fossils一词必定出现在1,2中。根据意群相一致原则,在2中必定要与“wateraction”同现或复现的语言点。综上所述,有同时满足以上两个条件的选项才是正确答案。虽然[G]项一开始就有“howfossilsarepreserved”,但是[G]项讲的是动物遗体上的有机组织转化形式,没有提及水的活动。选项[F]中就多次提到水在化石形成过程中的重要作用,与上下文相符合3.考查的知识点:上下文衔接+结构上的呼应本题选择的特征词是“also”。“also”表并列关系,这就证明在3前面的句子中应当与also后的crablikecreatures相并列,即空白处显然有关于另一动物的内容;从本段开始,文章转向讨论由低级高级变化(进化)中的动物。[E]项开始的部分是“Theearliestanimalswhoseremainshavebeenfound.”,符合文章写作的顺序。文中出现了thesearethesea-lilies与下文的therewerealso……相呼应。[B]项与上文相符,但与下文不符,且与全文结构不相吻合。4.考查的知识点:上下文衔接+段落主题本题选择的特征词是these以及与其具有同指关系的ammonites和They。通过阅读4以后的两个句子不难发现,these,ammonites,They是指同一事物,意即有“shell”的事物。同时4后一开始就有“Ofthese,...”,也就是说,空白部分应该有“some,several,many”或类似的词,答案只能是[A]。由于文中有了“Thefirstanimals”,为避免句式上的重复,作者改变句子起始的模式。这种做法很多见,因而也是考生阅读和写作中应该注意的。5.考查的知识点:上下文衔接该题目是一道简单试题,一方面这是一道段落题,这就决定了有可能选最长的选项为答案,另一方面根据就近原则在下一段首句中发现的About75millionyearsago成为我们解题的关键。从文章的整体结构看,这里需要一个内容的“高潮”:前面几段,动物都在不断地进化,而下文中“About75millionyearsagotheAgeofReptileswasover”,这里需要有一个“交代”。只有[C]项符合这一条件;同时,“reptile”在本题空白处前文章中从没有提到,在下文中又没有作为新信息,因而作为正确答案的选项中一定有这个词,只有[C]项中有“Theamphibiansgaverisetothereptilesfor第3页共3页nearly150millionyearstheseweretheprincipalformsoflifeonland,inthesea,andintheair”。所以正确答案只能是[C]。答案:1.B2.F3.E4.A5.C二、答疑之翻译题:Buttheideathatthejournalistmustunderstandthelawmoreprofoundlythananordinarycitizenrestsonanunderstandingoftheestablishedconventionsandspecialresponsibilitiesofthenewsmedia.(07年考试真题)参考译文:记者必须比普通的公民更了解法律,这种观点是基于对新闻媒体的特殊职责以及约定俗称的惯例的理解之上的。分析:句子主干是theidea…restsonanunderstanding…,that后面跟的是idea的同位语从句,of后面跟的则是修饰understanding的后置定语。按照中文的习惯,在这句话中,我们选择先翻译从句以避免

1 / 3
下载文档,编辑使用

©2015-2020 m.777doc.com 三七文档.

备案号:鲁ICP备2024069028号-1 客服联系 QQ:2149211541

×
保存成功