英语倍数表达法及译法英语表示倍数增减或倍数对比的句型多种多样,其中有一些很容易译错——其主要原因在于:英汉两语在表述或对比倍数方面存在着语言与思维差异。与汉语不同的是,英语在表述或比较倍数时,无论使用什么句型(除了不含倍数词的again句型外)都包括基础倍数在内,因此都不是净增或净减n倍,而是净增或净减n-1倍。现将常用的英语倍数句型及其正确译法归纳如下:倍数增加(一)Aisntimesasgreat(long,much,…)asB.Aisntimesgreater(longer,more,…)thanB.Aisntimesthesize(length,amount,…)ofB.以上三句都应译为;A的大小(长度,数量,……)是B的n倍[或A比B大(长,多,……)n-1倍].Eg.Thisbookisthreetimesaslongas(threetimeslongerthan,threetimesthelengthof)thatone.这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍(即长两倍)。注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than(as,of)B常被省去。(二)increasetontimesincreasentimes/n-foldincreasebyntimesincreasebyafactorofn以上四式均应译为:增加到n倍(或:增加n-1倍)。Eg.Theproductionofintegratedcircuitshasbeenincreasedtothreetimesascomparedwithlastyear.集成电路的产量比去年增加了两倍。Eg.Theoutputofchemicalfertilizerhasbeenraisedfivetimesasagainstl986.化肥产量比1986年增加了4倍。Eg.Thatcanincreasemetabolicratesbytwoorthreetimes.那可使代谢率提高到原来的2倍或3倍(即提高1倍或2倍)。Eg.Thedrainvoltagehasbeenincreasedbyafactoroffour.漏电压增加了3倍(即增加到原来的4倍)。注:在这类句型中increase常被raise,grow,go/stepup,multiply等词所替代。(三)Thereisan-foldincrease/growth…应译为:增加n-倍(或增至n倍)。这个句型还有其它一些形式:Eg.Arecordhighincreaseinvalueoffourtimeswasreported.据报道,价值破记录地增长了3倍。(四)double(增加1倍),treble(增加2倍),quadruple(增加3倍)。Eg.Theefficiencyofthemachineshasbeenmorethantrebledorquadrupled.这些机器的效率已提高了2倍或3倍多。(五)此外,英语中还有一种用again而不用倍数词来比较倍数的方法,如:Aisasmuch(large,long,…)againasB.(=Aistwiceasmuch(large,long,…)asB.应译为:A比B多(大,长,……)1倍。Aishalfasmuch(large,1ong,…)againasB.【=Aisoneandahalftimesasmuch(large,1ong,…)asB.】应译为:A比B多(大,长……)一半(即A是B的一倍半)。倍数减少(一)Aisntimesassmall(light,slow,…)asB.Aisntimessmaller(lighter,slower,…)thanB.以上两句均应译为:A的大小(重量,速度,……)是B的1/n[或A比B小(轻,慢,……)(n-1)/n]。Eg.Thehydrogenatomisnear1yl6timesaslightastheoxygenatom.氢原子的重量约为氧原子的1/16(即比氧原子约轻15/16)。Eg.Thissortofmembraneistwicethinnerthanordinarypaper.这种薄膜比普通纸张要薄一半(即是普通纸厚度的1/2)。注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than/asB常被省去。(二)decreasentimes/n--folddecreasebyntimesdecreasebyafactorofn以上三式均译为:减少到1/n[或:减少(n-1)/n]。decrease常被reduce,shorten,go/slowdown等词替代。Eg.Switchingtimeofthenew-typetransistorisshortened3times.新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了2/3(即缩短到1/3)。Eg.Whenthevoltageissteppedupbytentimes,thestrengthofthecurrentissteppeddownbytentimes.电压升高9倍,电流强度便降低9/10(即90%)。Eg.Theequipmentreducedtheerrorprobabilitybyafactorof5.该设备误差概率降低了4/5。(三)Thereisan-folddecrease/reduction…应译为:减至1/n[或:减少(n一1)/n]。这个句型还有其它一些形式,Eg.Arapiddecreasebyafactorof7wasobserved.发现迅速减少到1/7。Eg.Theprincipaladvantageoftheproductsisatwo-foldreductioninweight.这些产品的主要优点是重量减轻了1/2。ExerciseThenewcampuscovers3timesaslargeanareaastheoldcampus.Theproductionofvariouspicturetubeshasbeenincreasedfourtimesasagainst1993.Todaythespeedofourcarexceedstheordinaryspeedbyafactorofthree.Thecompanyquadrupledoutputtoaround20milliontons.Theerrorprobabilityoftheequipmentwasreducedby2.5timesthroughtechnicalinnovation.Inthefirsthalfofthisyear,theimportofmotorvehiclesreached125,000,increasing1.75timescomparedwiththesameperiodoflastyear.Thenewcampuscovers3timesaslargeanareaastheoldcampus.新校的占地面积是老校的三倍Theproductionofvariouspicturetubeshasbeenincreasedfourtimesasagainst1993.各种显像管的产量比1993年增加了3倍。Todaythespeedofourcarexceedstheordinaryspeedbyafactorofthree.今天,我们的汽车速度超过了平常速度的两倍Thecompanyquadrupledoutputtoaround20milliontons.该公司把产量增至2,000万吨左右,是原来的4倍。Theerrorprobabilityoftheequipmentwasreducedby2.5timesthroughtechnicalinnovation.通过技术革新该设备误差概率降低3/5。Inthefirsthalfofthisyear,theimportofmotorvehiclesreached125,000,increasing1.75timescomparedwiththesameperiodoflastyear.今年上半年汽车进口12。5万辆,比去年同期增长1。75倍。