高中英语名词性从句详细讲解

名词性从句nounclause主语从句subjectclause宾语从句objectclause表语从句predicativeclause同位语从句appositiveclause请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句WhatIwanttodoistakingabath.Thenewsthattheywonthegamespreadthewholeschool.Idon’tthinkheisanhonestboy.Thefactisthathestolethecar.Doyouknowthefactthathestolethecar?Doyouknowthemanwhoisstandingoverthere?Itissaidthattheywonthegame.(主从)(同位语从句)(宾从)(表从)(同位语从句)(定从)(主从)引导名词性从句的连接词：that（无意义，不充当任何成分，一般不省略（除了充当动词后面的宾语从句的连词可省）whether,if（均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性）asif,asthough（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）以上在从句中均不充当任何成分连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whomever,whose,which,whichever连接副词：when,where,how,why,whenever,wherever,however连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分在复合句中作主语的从句.引导词有连词that，whether;代词：who,what,which;副词：when,where,how,why等.1.Thatheisafamoussingerisknowntous.(Itisknowntousthatheisafamoussinger.)2.WhenhewillgotoAmericaisnotyetfixed.(ItisnotyetfixedwhenhewillgotoAmerica.)主语从句1.It+be+形容词＋that从句Itisnecessary/important/obviousthat…2.It+be+-ed分词＋that从句Itisbelievedthat…人们相信…Itisknowntousallthat….众所周知…Ithasbeendecidedthat……已经决定……3.It+be+名词＋that从句Itiscommonknowledgethat……是常识Itisasurprisethat….令人惊奇的是…Itisafactthat……事实是……4.It+不及物动词＋that从句Itappearsthat…似乎…Ithappensthat….碰巧…Itoccurredtomethat……我突然想起……在下列主语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange…)that…Itisapity/ashame/nowonderthat…Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired...)that…主语从句中的“主谓一致”：1.主语从句通常被看作一个整体,主句的谓语动词用单数形式.Thattheywillcome_______certain.2.What引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定.Whathewants______thesebooks.Whathewants______somewater.注意isareis宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。1.Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.2.Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.3.Iamafraid(that)I’vemadeamistake.宾语从句(作动词的宾语)(作介词的宾语)(作形容词的宾语)1.由连接词that引导的宾语从句由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：Wemustneverthink(that)wearegoodineverythingwhileothersaregoodinnothing.注意：在suggest,advise,recommend,propose;require,request,demand;order,commend;insist;desire,urge等表示建议、要求、命令、坚持等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+动词原形”。Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.我坚持要她自己工作。Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.司令员命令部队马上出发。记录2.用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与if在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：a.引导主语从句并在句首时；b.引导表语从句时；c.引导从句作介词宾语时；d.从句后有“ornot”时；e.后接动词不定式时。记录Whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.Thequestioniswhethersheshouldhavealowopinionofthetest.Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.Iwonderwhetherhewillcomeornot.Canyoutellmewhethertogoortostay?宾语从句中的“时态呼应”与“否定转移”若主语是第一人称，主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：Hetoldmethathe____________hisjob.(已经完成了工作)时态呼应否定转移我认为他不会来这里.Ithinkhewon’tcomehere.()Idon’tthinkhewillcomehere.()hadfinished4.注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。例如：Iknow(that)hestudiesEnglisheveryday.Iknow(that)hestudiedEnglishlastterm.Iknow(that)hewillstudyEnglishnextyear.Iknow(that)hehasstudiedEnglishsince1998.当主句动词是过去时态（could,would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如：TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftusforAmerica．宾语从句中用it作形式宾语Wethinkitourdutythatweshouldhelpothers.注意：如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时，一般用it来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾补后面。我发现他两天之内完成工作是不可能的.Ifinditimpossiblethathecanfinishtheworkintwodays.记录Exercises:“it”作形式主语或形式宾语：1.Ihate____whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull．A.itB.thatC.theseD.them2.Ifeel____strangethatheshouldbesocareless.A./B.itC.thatD.how3.Itworriedherabit____herhairwasturninggrey.A．whileB.thatC．ifD．for4Willyouseeto____thattheluggageisbroughtback?A.weB.yourselfC.itD.themABBC特别提醒：like,love,dislike,hate,appreciate,seeto,dependon,relyon后面一般不直接跟宾语从句，而要加上it作形式宾语，注意固定搭配，如：makeitarule…,takeitforgrantedthat…等。记录在复合句中作主句的表语.引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样表语从句1.问题是我们和他已失去联系.2.这就是亨利怎么解决这个问题的.3.天看起来要下雨了.Theproblemis_________________________________Thisis____________________________.Itlooks____________________________.thatwehavelosttouchwithhim.howHenrysolvedtheproblem.asifitisgoingtorain.需要注意的，当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning.在句中起同位语的作用.一般放在名词fact,news,idea,promise,thought,suggestion,belief,truth等之后,用以说明或解释前面的名词.引导词有连词that(不能省)；少数情况下也可用连接副词等.1.Thethoughtthatwemightsucceedexcitedus.2.Theideathattheyshouldtryasecondtimeisworthconsidering.3.Thesuggestionthattheplan(should)bedelayedwillbediscussedtomorrow.同位语从句在句中起同位语的作用.一般放在名词fact,news,idea,promise,thought,suggestion,belief,truth等之后,用以说明或解释前面的名词.引导词有连词that(不能省)；少数情况下也可用连接副词等.1.Thethoughtthatwemightsucceedexcitedus.2.Theideathattheyshouldtryasecondtimeisworthconsidering.3.Thesuggestionthattheplan(should)bedelayedwillbediscussedtomorrow.同位语从句同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略；that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere．（that引导同位语从句，不能省略）Haveyougottheidea（that）thisbookgivesyouoflifeinancientGreece？（that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）Exercises1.Doris’successliesinthefact________sheisco-operativeandeagertolearnfromothers.(2006上海春季)A.whichB.thatC.