查尔斯·狄更斯(CharlesDickens,1812-1870)*C.DisoneofthegreatestVictorianwriters英国维多利亚小说最重要的代表*“thegeniuswhomostfullyexpressedhiscontemporariesinthecommoninterest”---StefanZweig“一个最充分地表达了他同时代人的共同趣味的天才”(斯蒂芬-茨威格语)。CharlesDickens(1812-1870)•hewasborninapoorclerk’sfamily.heisagreatnovelist,hadlittleschoolingDickensisa19thcenturyBritishliterature,themainrepresentativeofrealismMarxandhisreputationastheUKandotherThackeray,agroupofdistinguishednovelistFeaturesofDickens’Novels狄更斯文学创作的特色Sharpsocialcriticism.尖锐的社会批评Gentlehumanitarian.温和的人道主义vividoutwardportrayal生动的人物塑造HumorousandPungentirony幽默辛辣的讽刺Earlyperiod(1836-45):狄更斯的早期创作Gentlesocialcriticism温和的社会讽刺Fantasticoptimism充满幻想的乐观精神Novelapicaresca“流浪汉小说”的结构模式Exaggeration夸张的艺术手法ThePickwickPapers《匹克威克外传》(1837)OliverTwist《奥利佛·退斯特》(又名《雾都孤儿》)(1838)TheOldCuriosityShop《老古玩店》(1839)NicholasNickleby《尼古拉斯·尼科尔贝》(1841)HisrepresentativeworksofthattimeThePickwickPapersOliverTwistThemiddleperiod(1846-57):狄更斯的中期创作Hecriticisebourgeoisandtheirmorality对资产者及其道德的辛辣批判GentleMoralism温和的道德主义Theplotandstructurearemorecompleteunified情节结构更为完整统一Humorandsatire幽默讽刺风格HisrepresentativeworksofthattimeAmericanNotes《美国札记》(1842)MartinChuzzlewit《马丁·瞿述伟》(1843)DombeyandSon《董贝父子》(1848)DavidCopperfield《大卫·科波菲尔》(1852)DavidCopperfieldAmericanNotesThelaterperiod(1858-70):狄更斯的晚期创作HumorandsatireSocialCriticism广泛、尖锐的社会批判GentleReformismandStronghumanitarian温和的改良主义和强烈的人道主义Explorationofman’sinnerconflicts尖锐的矛盾冲突主导情节设计Symbolism象征手法HisrepresentativeworksofthattimeBleakHouse《荒凉山庄》(1853)HardTimes《艰难时世》(1854)LittleDorrit《小杜丽》(1857)ATaleofTwoCities《双城记》(1859)GreatExpectations《远大前程》(1861)OurMutualFriend《我们共同的朋友》(1865)GreatExpectationsAtaleofcitesHeliesburiedinthePoet’sCornerinLondon.Thewordsofhisgravereadasfollows”byhisdeathoneofEngland’sgreatestwritersislosttotheworld.”TheinfluenceDickensexposeandcriticizeinhisworksallthepoverty,injustice,hypocrisyandcorruptnessheseesallaroundhim.Dickens’snovelsofferamostcompleteandrealisticpictureoftheEnglishbourgeoissocietyofhisageHisnovelstellmuchoftheexperiencesofhischildhood.Almostallhisnovelshavehappyendings.DickensisagreathumoristDickensisapettybourgeoisintellectualThebesthecandoseemstotrytoretainanoptimismwithwishfulthinking,asinhisearlyworks,ortoexpressahelplessindignantprotest.Atthesametime,hehopestocallpeople‘sattentiontotheexistingsocialproblems,thusaffectingsomereform。