中国文化英文PPT之思想与宗教

Chapter2PhilosophyandReligionWhatareconsideredastherootofChineseculture?ConfucianismTaoismBuddhismConfucianism1.WhoisConfucius?2.WhatarethefivedoctrinesofConfucianism?Whichisthecentralone?3.WhatarethegreatworksinConfucianism?4.WhatistheConfucianism’sgreatestcontributiontotheChinesenation?ChineseName孔丘NameofFather叔梁纥EnglishNameConfuciusNameofMother颜徵在Nickname孔子，仲尼DateofBirthSep.28,551B.C.NationalityChinese.HanDateofDeathApr.11,479B.C.NetIdentity海叔ProfessionTeacherFieldofStudyEthnics，SocialPhilosophyPlaceofBirth鲁国陬邑，今山东省曲阜市南辛镇RepresentativeWorks《春秋》《十翼》MainAchievements开创儒家学派；编纂《春秋》，修订“五经”；创办私学，打破传统贵族教育.ResumeFiveCardinalVirtues仁humanity(Thewilltoshowbenevolencetoothers.)义righteousness(byjustice)礼propriety(moralwaysofconduct)智wisdom信faithfulnessConfucius’centraldoctrine------thevirtueofrenWhatisren?Renistranslatedvariouslyasgoodness,benevolence,humanity,andhuman-heartedness.Renmeansloveandaffection.“Amanofrenlovesothers.”仁者爱人TheFourBooksandFiveClassicsTheGreatLearningTheMeanAnalectsMenciusBookofChangesBookofHistoryBookofOdesBookofRitesSpringandAutumnAnnalsConfucianism’scontributiontotheChinesenation?1.Education:InConfucianism,humanbeingsareteachable,improvableandperfectiblethroughpersonalandcommunalendeavorespeciallyincludingself-cultivationandself-creation.2.Cultivateone’smoralcharacter修身AmainideaofConfucianismisthecultivationofvirtueandthedevelopmentofmoralperfection.Confucianismholdsthatoneshouldgiveupone'slife,ifnecessary,eitherpassivelyoractively,forthesakeofupholdingthecardinalmoralvaluesofrenandyi.3.HumanrelationshipTheethicalprincipleofConfucianismisitsdiscoveryoftheultimateinthemoralcharacterofhumanrelationshipinwhichConfuciusofferedthesolutionfortheillsandevilsofhisdays.Well-knownFiveRelationships:Ruler-ministerFather-sonHusband-wifeElder-and-youngerbrotherFriend-friendAministerowesloyaltytohisruler,andachildfilialrespecttohisparents;whiletherulermustcareforhissubjects,andtheparentsforthechildren.“Withinthefourseasallmenarebrothers.”四海之内皆兄弟“Donotdotootherswhatyouwouldnotwantotherstodotoyou.”己所不欲，勿施于人ThreecardinalguidesTheprincewastheguideofhisministerThefatherwastheguideofhissonsThehusbandwastheguideofhiswifeNationalspiritandcharacter忠孝loyaltyandpiety仁爱affectionandlove仁义faithfulnessandrighteousness和平peaceandharmonyConfuciusInstituteThefirstConfuciusInstitutewasestablishedin2004andisnon-profit,withaimstopromoteChineselanguageandcultureinforeigncountries.AplatformforculturalexchangesbetweenChinaandtheworld.Bytheendof2010,therehavebeen322ConfuciusInstitutesand369ConfuciusClassroomsestablishedin96countries.ConfuciusInstituteatMickiewiczUniversityinPoland:ChineseTeachingMaterialTrainingClassforNativeChineseTeachersinPoland巴库国立大学孔子学院举办“庆元旦”活动:听听老师怎么介绍中国结！ConfuciusInstituteatUniversityofKhartoumHeldtheMiddle-AutumnFestivalActivities:ChineseteacherwasintroducingtheMiddle-AutumnFestivaltoguestsVolunteerChineseTeacherProgramSetupinChina,theVolunteerChineseTeachersProgram(hereafterreferredtoas“VolunteerProgram”)providesvoluntaryservicestohelpmeetChineseteachers’shortageinothercountries.TheOfficeofChineseLanguageCouncilInternational(Hanban),anon-governmentalorganizationundertheMinistryofEducation,P.R.China,isresponsibleforimplementingtheProgram.TheVolunteerCenterofHanbanisinchargeoftheprogram’sdailyoperation.VolunteerChineseTeachers(hereafterreferredtoas“Volunteers”)areprimarilyrecruitedandselectedfromprofessionalteachers,aswellaspostgraduatestudentsandgraduatesofthecurrentyearwithabachelor’sdegreeorabove.TheyallmajoredindisciplinesofliberalartssuchasTeachingChineseasaForeignLanguage,ChineseLinguisticsandLiterature,ForeignLanguages,Education,History,Philosophy,etc.Aftertakingaseriesoftraining,qualifiedvolunteerswillbedispatchedtoteachoverseas.Thetermofserviceforthevolunteersisnormallyoneyear.Inprinciple,individualvolunteerwillworkoverseasnolongerthan3years.ThesecondsageintheConfucianschool.“ThephilosophiesofKongZiandMengZi”（孔孟之道）inthehistoryofChineseculture.Thebook,Mencius.Taoism道家和道教的联系与区别“道家”与“道教”二词，常被不加区别地使用。从历史来看，这两个词指称过很多不同的内容，也曾混为一谈；现在也仍然有人主张将二者等同起来。虽然道教在理论上汲取了道家思想的大量因素，甚至奉老子为教主，但是二者还是不能混为一谈，也不能说道教理论就是道家思想，道家理解为由老子、庄子开创，并在魏晋被重新发明的哲学思想流派，道家的经典是《道德经》。道教为于两汉逐渐形成，后又有若干发展分化的宗教。道教的经典有《黄庭经》、《抱朴子》等。道教作为一种宗教，将道家人物神化以提高其知名度，有其神仙崇拜与信仰，有教徒与组织，有一系列的宗教仪式与活动。道家与道教被统称为Daoism,orTaoism.区分：PhilosophicalTaoism（道家）ReligiousTaoism（道教）PhilosophicalTaoism1.LaoZi&ZhuangZi2.Whatdoes“Dao”mean?3.TheTaoistphilosophy4.ThecontributiontoChinesecultureChineseName老子庄周Nickname老聃，李耳，伯阳庄子、庄周、南华真人NationalityChineseHanChineseHanDateofBirthAbout571B.C.About369B.C.DateofDeath471B.C.286B.C.PlaceofBirth苦县（今河南鹿邑）宋国蒙邑（今安徽蒙城县）RepresentativeWorks《道德经》《庄子》Theunderstandingof“Dao”Theword“Dao”(Tao)translatedas“theway”.Daoisthewaytheuniversefunctions,thepathtakenbyallnaturalevents.Daoisnature’sway,expressedineffortlessaction.Daoismoftenusetheimageofwatertoillustratesucheffortlessaction.Wateralwayssettlestothelowestlevelandyetcanwearawayeventhehardestofsubstances.TheT