中国文化概况哲学和宗教-英文版

1AGLIMPSEOFCHINESECULTURE中国文化概况2PhilosophyandReligions3学习目标了解中国古代哲学发展及内容；掌握中国主要宗教的基本概况;继承和发扬中国传统美德。4Lead-inActivityTextStudyDiscussion&PresentationOverview5Lead-inActivityWatchand&ThinkWatchthevideoclipanddiscuss:Doyouthinkphilosophyandreligionareimportantinourlife?HowmanykindsofphilosophicalthoughtsandreligiousbelievesdoyouknowinChina?6Lead-inActivityTextStudyDiscussion&PresentationOverview7ChinesePhilosophyChineseReligionsTextStudy8ChinesePhilosophythecollectivedesignation(总称)forthevariousschoolsofthoughtinChinaoneofthethreephilosophysystemsintheworlddevelopedindependentlywithitsowndistinguishingfeatures,uniqueconceptsystemsandexpressivewaysthesouloftraditionalChineseculturehasdevelopedoverseveralthousandyears9ChinesePhilosophyTheDevelopmentofChinesePhilosophyTheBasicFeaturesofChineseAncientPhilosophyCharacteristicsofChineseEthicsandMorality10TheDevelopmentofChinesePhilosophyoriginsfromtheXia,Shang,andZhoudynastiesbegantotakedefiniteshapeduringtheSpringandAutumnPeriodenjoyedthrivingdevelopmentbecauseoftheemergenceofthe“contentionandflourishingofnumerousschoolsofthought”Outline11●ThephilosophyinPre-Qintimes(先秦子学)●TheorthodoxphilosophyduringtheHanDynasty(两汉经学)●MetaphysicsduringtheWeiandJindynasties(魏晋玄学)●ThebuddhistphilosophyduringtheSuiandTangdynasties(隋唐佛学)●Neo-confucianisminSongandMingdynasties(宋明理学)●ApplicationphilosophyintheMingandQingdynasties(明清实学)TheDevelopmentofChinesePhilosophy12ThephilosophyinPre-QintimesThephilosophyinPre-Qintimeswasmarkedbytheemergenceofvariousancientphilosophicalviews.ThemostinfluentialschoolswereConfucianism(儒家),Taoism(道家),Mohism(墨家)andLegalism(法家)TheDevelopmentofChinesePhilosophy13ConfucianismtakestheteachingsofConfuciusasitscoreofthoughtregardsthewordsanddeedsofConfuciusasitshighestcode(准则)ofbehavior.advocates:•thebenevolenceandjustice,•allegianceandforbearance(仁、义、忠、恕),•thedoctrineofthegoldenmean(中庸)•theethicalrelationsofmen•familyandsocialorderPhilosophyDuringthePre-QinTimes(先秦子学)TheDevelopmentofChinesePhilosophy14Taoism•BasedontheworkofDaodejing,Taoismpromotesthebeliefthatapersonshouldliveasimplelife•favoursthepoliticalprincipleof“achievinggoodgovernmentthroughnon-action”(无为而治)•FoundedbyLaoZiandZhuangZi•Daoisthecourse,theprinciple,thesubstance,andthestandardofallthings,towhichallofthemmustconformTheDevelopmentofChinesePhilosophyPhilosophyDuringthePre-QinTimes(先秦子学)15baseontheteachingofMozicherishesuniversallovehonorsvirtuouspeople,opposesfatalism(宿命论)andaggressivewarsupholdsthriftinessandsimplefuneralsMohismTheDevelopmentofChinesePhilosophyPhilosophyDuringthePre-QinTimes(先秦子学)16•begunbyHanfeizi•espouses(主张)layingdownlawstounifythethoughtofpeople•promotesagriculturetoachieveaffluence(富裕)•wages(进行)warstogainstrengthandpower•establishesasystemofbureaucracy(官僚制度)LegalismTheDevelopmentofChinesePhilosophyPhilosophyDuringthePre-QinTimes(先秦子学)17TheDevelopmentofChinesePhilosophyblendedConfucianismandLaozi’sdoctrinesbasedonTheBookofChanges(《易经》),DaodejingandZhuangzi,knownasthe“threeprofoundstudies(三玄)”theme:Toexplorethenoumenon(本体)oftheuniversemainlydiscussesthepropositionsof:“existenceversusnon-existence”“essentialsversusnon-essentials”“wordsversusideas”“fundamentalsversuspractice”“ethicsversusnature”,etc.MetaphysicsDuringtheWeiandJinDynasties(魏晋玄学)18TheDevelopmentofChinesePhilosophyOrthodoxPhilosophyDuringtheHanDynasty(两汉经学)“banningallschoolsofthoughtexceptConfucianism(罢黜百家，独尊儒术)”Confucianismservedastheideologicalfoundationofthefeudalrule.OrthodoxphilosophyadvocatesthatHeavenaffectshumanaffairsandhumanbehaviourfindsresponsesinHeaven(天人感应).thepoweroftheemperorsareauthorizedbyHeaven(君权神授).atoddswithConfucianismwhichholdsthatmanisanintegralpartofnature(天人合一)19TheDevelopmentofChinesePhilosophyreacheditsapex(顶点)duringtheSuiandTangdynastiesmainlydiscussestherelationshipbetweenthesubjectiveandtheobjectiveattemptstogaininsightintotheuniverseandhumanlifeBuddhistPhilosophyDuringtheSuiandTangDynasties(隋唐佛学)20Neo-ConfucianismDuringtheSongandMingDynasties(宋明理学)TheDevelopmentofChinesePhilosophyAnewConfucianismdevelopedbyincorporatingTaoismandBuddhismmainlydiscussestherelationshipbetweenhumanbeings,betweenmanandnature,andbetweenmanandsociety,aswellasthenatureofhumanbeingstwomainschools:theSchoolofPrinciple(理学)theSchoolofMind(心学)21ChinesePhilosophyTheDevelopmentofChinesePhilosophyTheBasicFeaturesofChineseAncientPhilosophyCharacteristicsofChineseEthicsandMorality22TheDevelopmentofChinesePhilosophyApplicationPhilosophyDuringtheMingandQingDynasties(明清实学)focusedon“self-examination”stucktotheapplicationofphilosophyonthestateaffairssearchesfortheanswerstospecificissuesinsteadofabstractstudyencouragescreativeideas23TheBasicFeaturesofChineseAncientPhilosophyStressonspiritualexistenceStressonpracticeStressonmoralityStressonharmonyStressonintuition24StressonspiritualexistenceTheBasicFeaturesofChineseAncientPhilosophy•AllancientChinesephilosopherspaidattentiontothestudyofexistence,strivingtoachievethehighestspiritualstate.•Canyoufindanyexampleforthisfea