英语词性详细讲解

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英语词性词类英语名称作用例词名词Noun(缩写为n.)表示人或事物的名称party政党China中国形容词Adjective(adj.)用来修饰名词,表示人或事物的特性、性质good好的great伟大动词Verb(v.)表示人或事物的动作或状态eat吃have有副词Adverb(adv.)用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,表示动作或形状的特性hard艰苦here这里数词Numeral(num.)表示数量或顺序one一first第一代词Pronoun(pron.)用来代替名词、形容词或数词等He他that那冠词Article(art.)用在名词前,帮助说明名词所指的人或事物an,a,the介词Preposition(prep.)用在名词、代词等前面,说明句子中词与词之间的关系under在...下in在...里连词Conjunction(conj.)用来连接词、短语或句子and和but但是感叹词Interjection(interj.)表示说话时的感情或口气Oh噢hey嘿名词的概念名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词.如Beijing,China,theUnitedStates,LuXun等。普通名词(普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词)名词专有名词(首字母要大写theGreatWall;theWestLake虚词(介词、连词、冠词)不用大写普通名词可数名词不可数名词名词复数的规则变化情况构成方法例词一般情况加-smap-mapsbag-bags以s,x,sh,ch,等结尾的词加-esbus-buseswatch-watches以元音字母+y结尾的词加-sboy-boysday-days以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y为i再加esbaby---babies以o结尾4个词+es其他全部加spotatoes;tomatoes;heroes;Negroes;以f或fe结尾的变f或fe为v再加eswife-wives;shelf-shelveshalf-halves;leaf-leaves以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时:去f,fe加-ves,如:half---halvesknife---knivesleaf---leaveswolf---wolveswife---wiveslife---livesthief---thieves;加s,如:belief---beliefsroof---roofs名词复数的不规则变化1)child---childrenfoot---feettooth---teethgoose-geesemouse---miceman---menwoman---womenGerman-Germans2)单复同形如:deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。如:peoplepolice等本身就是复数,不能说apeople,apolice,,但可以说aperson,apoliceman,flowerflowers找规律watchesfactory-factoriesleaf--leavesboxes找规律tomatoespotatoesheroes不规则变化child--childrenwoman--womendeersheepman--mengoose--geeseLOREMIPSUMDOLORLOREMIPSUMDOLORLOREMIPSUMDOLORLOREMIPSUMDOLORsheep----photo---wife---foot---man---mouse---friend---根据所给单词的正确形式填空:1.Differentpeoplemayhavedifferent_____.(idea)2.Ioftengotoworkon.(foot)3.Iknowoneofthe.(boy)4.Mr.Browniswearingapairof.(glass)5.Pleasegivethemtheir.(photo)6.Arethereanyinthebox?(watch)7.Therearetwelveinayear.(month)8.Wouldyoulikesome?(tomato)9.Lookatthoseintheboats!(people)10.Look!Thearesinging.(woman)11.September10thisDay.(teacher)12.Jimhassome.(knife)13.Howmucharethese?(vegetable)14.Myschoolistwenty________walkfromhere.(minute)15.Allthe__(woman)teachersand___(girl)studentsarehaving,,,ideasfootboysglassesphotoswatchesmonthstomatoespeoplewomenTeachers’knivesvegetableswomenminutes’girl1.Several_____aretalkingunderthetree.Andtheyare______.A.woman;childrenB.woman;childC.women;children2.—Howfarisyourschoolfromhere?—Notveryfar.It'sabouttwentywalk.(2000杭州)A.minute'sB.minutesC.minutes'3.Therearethreeinmyfamily.(2004长春)A.peopleB.personC.child4.Moststudentscangotocollegeforfurtherinourcity.A.educationB.informationC.science5.Thisisbedroom.Thetwinsisterlikeitverymuch.A.AnnandJaneB.AnnandJane’sC.Ann’sandJane’sCCAAB冠词一.冠词概述•冠词的概念:冠词是经常加在名词前面的一个辅助词,帮助说明名词的含义。•冠词在句子中不能单独作一个成分,是虚词。•冠词可分为不定冠词(a/an),定冠词(the)和零冠词(/)三类不定冠词(a/an)•1、a用于辅音发音开头的词前,而不是辅音字母前面•如:ausefulbook;auniversity•2.an用于元音发音开头的词前,而不是元音字母前,如:anapple;anhour;•anhonestman三.不定冠词的用法(一)不定冠词的用法:1.在叙述时用于第一次提到某人或某物Thisisabook2.表示泛指的某人、某物AnEnglish-Englishdictionaryisverynecessaryforme.3.表示类别Anelephantisbiggerthanahorse.4.表示数量中的“一”。但数的概念没有one强烈用在数词中,表示“一”。Abook;aman;adog;anhour5.用于某些物质名词和抽象名词前,表示“一阵,一份,一类,一场”Therewillbeastrongwindhere6.用于某些固定词组中haveacold;haveagoodtime;havealook;havearest三.定冠词的用法(the)the表示特指。同类中特定的一个,区别于其他人或事1表示特定的人或物Doyouknowthegirlinredskirt?2表示上文提到过的人或事。Tomhasanapple.Theappleisbigandred.3.表示双方都知道的人或物Openthedoor4表示地球、宇宙中的独一无二的事物世界上独一无二的东西很多,这里所指的独一无二主要是指各种天体及世界上比较有影响力的物体。Thesun;theuniverse;theearth5.在世纪,年代名词前用冠词inthe1980s20世纪80年代inthenineteenthcentury二十世纪6用于形容词最高级和序数词前,常用thethetallestboyHeisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.7用于“越…….越……”结构中,the必不可少Themore,thebetter8用于形容词前,表示一类人或事物Therich富人theyoung年轻人Theoldthepoor9用于乐器前,在演奏的乐器前加theplaytheguitar10用于姓氏复数前,表示一家人或夫妻两人TheGreensarewatchingTVnow11.用于普通名词构成的专有名词前theGreatWall长城theSummerPalacetheUnitedStates12..用于表示方位的名词前intheeast;inthewest;inthenorth;inthesouth13.在江河、山脉、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海峡、海湾运河前用thetheWestLake西湖thePacificOcean太平洋14.用于某些固定词组中intheend最后attheageof在几岁时allthetime一直inthemorning对比:有the和没the意义不同的词组attable在吃饭atthetable在桌子旁inhospital住院inthehospital在医院infuture今后inthefuture将来takeplace发生taketheplace取代gotocollege上大学gotothecollege到大学去inclass在课堂上intheclass在班里onearth和ontheearthinfrontof和inthefrontof前面,指内部零冠词的用法1专有名词前一般不加冠词:China,American,GradeTwo,BillSmith2一些抽象的不可数名词前不加冠词:Lifeisshort;artislong.Timewaitsfornoman.3名词前已有this,that,my,whose,some,any,no,each,every等物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格等修饰限定时,不加冠词。thismorning;mypen;yourwatch;whosebike4复数名词表示某一类人或事物时,不加冠词Theyareworkers.Computersareverypopulartoallkindsofpeople.5季节、月份、星期、日期和节日的名词前不加冠词ItisSundaytoday.June1stisChildren’sDayinChina.Springisalovelyseason.6在语言、学科、三餐、球类等名词前不加冠词havebreakfast;playfootball.不用冠词的场合7在人名、称呼语、头衔、职务等名词前,一般不加冠词WhatcolorareMr.Green’sshoes?ThisisProfessorLi8在与by连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词bycar,bybus,bytrain(但takeabus,inaboat,onthebike前要加冠词)9表示语言的名词前不加冠词,但后加language时,必须加theChineseFrenchEnglishtheChineselanguagetheFrenchlanguage12固定短语里不用冠词atfirst;takecareof;introuble;intime;indanger;onfoot;ontime;watchTV;1.MrWanghasworkedas____Englishteacherformorethan10years.A./B.aC.anD.the2—Howlongdoesittakeustogotoyourhometownfromhere?—Ittakesus___hourormoretogotomyhometownby___train.A.an;aB.a;anC.an;/D.a;/3—What___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