the-history-of-china

ThehistoryofChinaContentsSlavesociety(2100BC~)FeudalsocietySemicolonialandsemifeudalsocietyDemocraticsocietySocialismsociety(1949~)2015194919121840221BC2100BCPart1:SlavesocietyCitizensofvanquishedcountrybecameSlavesoftheconquerorcountry,suchasRomanEmpire.Begining:2100BC~221BC1.TheXiaDynasty;2.TheShangDynasty;3.TheZhouDynasty;PartII:FeudalsocietyEconomic:ThelandlordVSSerf;Policitical:Centralizationsystem;Culture:Confucianthought;Beginning:475BC~1840,12Dynasties;SameasMedievalEurope.PartIII:SemicolonialandsemifeudalsocietyWarsbetweenIndustrialcountryandAgriculturecountry.WecalledHundredyearsofhumiliation.1.FirstOpiumWar;2.SecondOpiumWar;3.SinoFrenchwar;4.Sino-JapaneseWar;5.SiegeoftheInternationalLegations.FirstOpiumWar(1840-1842)WarReason:StrictlyprohibitBritaindoingopiumbusinessinchina.Result:Britainvictory,TreatofNanking(Thefirstunequaltreaty)Territorial:HongKongIslandcededtoBritainfor100years.Silk,Tea,ChinaOpium(producedinindia)DaoGuangAlexandrinaVictoriaSecondOpiumWar(1856-1860)Warreason:ChinarefusedtheirunreasonabledemandsofmodifyingtheunequaltreatofNanking.Result:Britain&Francevictory,TreatiesofTientsin.Territorial:SouthernKowlooncededtoUK;Russiatookmorethan1,500,000squarekilometersofourland,andstillthebiggestwinnerinthiswar.UKUSAFranceRussiaTongzhi*Children*SinoFrenchwar(1883)Warreason:FrenchinvasionofVietnam(VietnamisChina’sVassalatthattime)Result:Chinavictory,butwithTreatyofTientsin.Territorial:VietnamunderColonizationofFrench.GuangXU*Youngboy*ChambordHenryVSino-JapaneseWar(1894-1895)Warreason:JapanesewantprimarilycontrolKorea.Result:Japanesevictory,TreatyofShimonoseki.Territorial:JapaneseprimarilycontrolKorea;OurTaiwan,Penghu,andtheLiaodongPeninsulawerecededtoJapan.QueenCixiEmperorMeijiSiegeoftheInternationalLegations(1900-1901)Warreason:BoxerMovement(Anti-Christian,Anti-Foreign)Results:AlliedVictory,BoxerProtocol.---------------------------ThemosthumiliationtimeofournationQueenCixiUKFrenchUSAGermanJapaneseItalyAustroHungarianNetherlandsBelgiumSpainRussiaWeaknationhasnodiplomaticPartIV:Democraticsociety(1912-1949)Whenwebeguntobuiltdemocraticsociety,Japaneseinvadedchinaagainduringthesecondworldwar.Notimeforchinatotrythisway.1.Theestablishofdemocraticsocietyinchina2.SecondSino-JapaneseWar3.ChineseCivilWarPreliminaryestablishmentdemocraticsocietyPrinciplesofNationalism:---------AntiimperialiststrugglePrinciplesofDemocracy:------Citizen’freedomandRightsPrinciplesofPeople'sLivelihood:-----CapitalcontrolandAveragelandownershipSunYatsen------NationalFatherofmodernChinaSecondSino-JapaneseWarWarreason:JapanesewantprimarilycontrolChina,Result:Chinavictory;Territorial:ChinarecoversallterritorieslosttoJapansincetheTreatyofShimonoseki.MaoZedongJiangJieShiHirohitoVSChineseCivilWar(1945-1949)Warreason:onecountrycan’thastwopresidents.Result:CommunistPartyofChinavictory;KuomintangofChinaretreatedtoTaiWan.:CommunistPartyFightingKuomintangPartV:Socialismsociety(1949~)1.Establishofpeople’srepublicofchina2.Russia’sassistance(SimilarasUSAhelpRussiaduringSecondWorldWar)3.Koreawar4.VietnameseWar5.SinoVietnameseWar6.SinoIndianWar7.ConflictbetweenRussiaandChina8.ReformandOpening9.ConflictbetweenUSAandChinaEstablishofpeople’srepublicofchina1.ThefirstgenerationofChineseleaders,2.Constitution,3.CentrallyPlannedeconomic,4.Nuclearweapon.Chairman:MaoZeDongPremier:ZhouEnLaiChineseCommunistPartyFlagWorkerFarmerPettybourgeoisieNationalbourgeoisieDiplomaticprinciplebetweencountriesFivePrinciplesofPeacefulCoexistence-------PremierZhouEnlai1.Mutualrespectforeachother'sterritorialintegrityandsovereignty.2.Mutualnon-aggression.3.Mutualnon-interferenceineachother'sinternalaffairs.4.Equalityandcooperationformutualbenefit.5.Peacefulco-existence.Koreawar(1950-1953)Warreason:Koreacivilwar,Result:Militarystalemate,KoreanArmisticeAgreement,Territorialchange:KoreanDemilitarizedZoneestablishedVSNorthKoreaSouthKoreaRussia’sassistance(1937-1965)IndustrialSystemIndustrialSystemAgricultureSystemNuclearbombAviationIndustryAerospaceIndustryEducationsystemMedicalIndustryEconomicassistanceBridgeRailwayIndustryMao'sGreatFamine(1959-1961)SimilarasHolodomor(Голодомо́р)intheUkrainianSovietSocialistRepublic(1932-1933)Reason1:30%-Naturedisasters,70%-Manmade.Results:45milliondeaths.Consequence:TerminationofGreatLeapforwardmovement.GreatProletarianCulturalRevolutionSimilarasStalinistpurgesinSovietUnion(1966-1976)(1936-1938)Reason:Rebuildthepowercentre,andpreserve'true'Communistideology.Consequence:ThismovementparalyzedChinapoliticallyandsignificantlyaffectedthecountryeconomicallyandsocially.ConflictbetweenRussiaandChinaResult:TerminationaidsinChina.HoneymoonbreakSimilarconsistentpracticeofSovietunioninEasternEuropeancountriesOnemillionsoldersofsovietunionwaitingmilitaryordersinOutsideMongolia.(1969)Coldwar1.ChinaReformandOpening(1978.12-------now)2.Chernobyldisaster(1986)3.ChairmanJiangZeMing,acknowledgetheChineseterritoryoccupationandcontrolbySovietunionwerelegally(1991.5.15)4.Ukraineindependence(1991.8.24)5.Sovietunionbreakdown(1991.12.0