虚拟语气专项训练

英语虚拟语气专项训练一、虚拟条件句：条件状语从句是非真实情况，在这种情况下要用虚拟语气。1、条件从句与现在事实不一致，其句型为：句型1：if＋主语＋过去时，主语＋should（could,would,或might）＋动词原形,如：(1)ifiwereyou,iwouldstudyhard.(2)ifitrained,iwouldnotbeherenow.2、条件从句与过去事实不一致，其句型为：句型2：if＋主语＋had＋过去分词，主语＋should（could,would,或might）＋have＋过去分词，如：(3)ifthedoctorhadcomelastnight,theboywouldhavesaved.(4)ifihadnotstudiedhard,iwouldhavefailedintheexamlastterm.3、条件从句与将来事实不一致，其句型为：句型3：if＋主语＋过去时/should＋动词原形/wereto＋动词原形,主语＋should（could,would,或might）＋动词原形，如：(5)ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldstayathome.(6)ifiweretogotothemoononeday,icouldseeitwithmyowneyes.(7)ifyoumissedthefilmtonight,youwouldfeelsorry.注意问题：1、if条件句中绝对不可以出现“would”。2、根据句中的时间状语，有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况，即主句可能是现在的情况，条件句也许是发生在过去的情况，但都要遵守上述句型,如:（8）ifiwereyou,iwouldnothavemissedthefilmlastnight.(现在---过去)（9）iftheyhadstartedintheearlymorning,theywouldarriveinhalfanhour(过去---将来)（10）ifyouhadaskedhimwhenyousawhimlasttime,youwouldknowwhattodonow.(过去---现在)(11)ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnowandyouwouldgraduatefromacollegeinfouryears’time.3、在条件句中如果出现were,had,should可省去if，将主语与这些词倒装，例如：(12)hadthedoctorcomelastnight,theboywouldhavesaved.(13)wereitogotothemoononeday,iwouldseeitwithmyowneyes.(14)shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldstayathome.二、名词性虚拟语气：在表示命令、建议、要求、惊叹时的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气，基本句型：句型4：主语＋（should）＋动词原形，①当宾语从句从的谓语是suggest,request,insist,desire,demand,propose,order,command,arrange等动词时,如:(15)motherinsistedthatjohn(should)gotobedat9o’clock.（宾语从句）(16)itwasrequiredthatthecrops(should)beharvestedatonce.（主语从句）②advice,idea,order,plan,demand,proposal,suggestion,request等名词之后的表语从句和同位语从句中.如:(17)thesuggestionthathe(should)beinvitedwasrejected.（同位语从句）(18)theirdemandisthattheirwages(should)beincreased.（表语从句）注意：在这种句子中绝不可以出现“would”“must”“could”等。注意:当suggest表示暗示,表明时,不用虚拟语气,用陈述语气.如:（19）thesmileonherfacesuggestedthatshewassatisfiedwithourwork.当insist表示坚持认为之意时,不用虚拟语气,用陈述语气.如:（20）themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney③itisordered/desired/decided/requested/insisted等后的主语从句中（21）itisdesiredthatweshouldgeteverythingreadytonight.④itisnatural/necessary/strange/apity/possible+that从句表惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、不满、理应如此等。（22）it’sstrangethatheshouldhavemissedthetrain.（表竟然）（23）itisimportantthatweshouldlearnfromothers.（表理应如此）（24）itisapitythatheshouldnotgowithus.(表惊讶、不满)句型5：wish后的宾语从句：与现在愿望不一致：主语＋过去时；与过去愿望不一致：主语＋had＋过去分词/could＋have＋过去分词；与未来愿望不一致：主语＋would（could）＋动词原形。如；(25)iwishiwereyou.(26)iwishihadvisitedthewhitehousewheniwasinthestates.(27)iwishicouldmeetyoutomorrowattheparty.三、虚拟语气在一些特殊词中的使用或含蓄条件句：句型6：it’s(high)time句型后用that从句时应该为：主语＋should＋动词原形或主语＋过去时，例如：(28)it’stimethatyouwent/shouldgotoschool.句型7：ifonly引起的感叹句相当于“howiwish＋宾语从句”，如：(29)ifonlyhecouldcome!他要能来就好了。(30)ifonlyihadknowntheanswer!我要早知答案就好了。句型8：wouldrather,asif（though）引导的句子也需使用虚拟，表示过去的情况用过去完成时，表示现在与将来的情况用过去时，如：(31)i’dratheryoupostedtheletterrightaway.(32)i’dratheryouhadreturnedthebookyesterday.(33)shelovesthechildrenasiftheywerehers.(34)alantalkedaboutromeasifhehadbeenthere.句型9：without,but,butfor,butthat,otherwise引起的短语或句子常暗含着含蓄条件。如：(35)withoutyou,iwouldneverknowhim.(36)butforyourcooperation,wewouldn’thavedonetheworksowell.(37)butthatshewasafraid,shewouldhavesaidno.(38)iwouldbemostgladtohelpyou,buti’ambusynow.(39)ishouldhavecometothepartyyesterday,butiwasbusy.(40)iambusynow,otherwiseiwoulddoyouthefavor!句型10：ifitwerenotfor.../ifithadn’tbeenfor...(要不是因为...),其后面的主句也需使用虚拟。如：(41)ifitwerenotforhishelp,iwouldn’tgohomenow.(42)ifithadn’tbeenforthedeterminedcaptain,allthepassengersontheboardwouldn’thavebeensaved.四、学法建议在学习if引起的虚拟条件句时,同学们首先要牢记它的三种形式,它将为学习此类句子奠定基础,在此基础上,才能掌握倒装的虚拟条件句,混合虚拟条件句等综观历年的高考题及各地测试题,wish引导的宾语从句的虚拟语气,if引导的虚拟条件及含蓄条件句是测试的重点,务必请同学们在学习中加以注意在学习asif引导的表语从句或状语从句中的虚拟语气时,要很好理解句子,在判定表示虚拟时,再使用虚拟语气,并要牢记动词的形式1.Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,English____mucheasier.a.willbeb.wouldhavebeenc.couldhavebeend.wouldbe2.Ifshehadworkedharder,she____.a.wouldsucceedb.hadsucceededc.shouldsucceedd.wouldhavesucceeded3.—Ifhe____,he____thatfood.—luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.a.waswarned;wouldnottakeb.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenc.wouldbewarned;hadnottakend.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken4.Ifhe____mehistelephonenumberyesterday,i____abletoringhimupnow.a.told;wouldbeb.hadtold;wouldbec.hadtold;wouldhavebeend.told;am5.IfI____you,I____toAustraliawithMr.smith.a.hadbeen;wouldgob.were;hadgonec.were;wouldhavegoned.am;willgo6.Withoutelectricityhumanlife____quitedifferenttoday.a.isb.willbec.wouldhavebeend.wouldbe7.Ourmonitorwasabsent.OtherwiseI____thechair.a.wouldnottakeb.didn'ttakec.hadn'ttakend.wouldn'thavetaken8.—Theexperimenthasfailed!—Isuggestthatyou____again.a.tryb.tryingc.willtryd.wouldtry9.Hissilenceatthemeetingsuggestedthathe____toyourplan.a.didn'tagreeb.hadn'tagreedc.wouldn'tagreed.notagree10.Thefatherinsistedhisdaughter____arichman.a.wouldbeengagedtob.beengagedtoc.shouldengagetod.mustbeengagedto11.Sheinsistedthatshe____illofhimbehindhim,buthedidn'tbelieve.a.hadn'tspokenb.shouldn'tspeakc.wouldn'tspeakd.notspeak12.—IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.—Oh,didyou?You____withbarbara.a.couldhavestayedb.couldstayc.wouldstayd.musthavestayed13.Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.Y