中国文化概况-chapter-4

AGlimpseofChineseCultureChapter4ArtsCalligraphyPaintingBeijingOpera本章教学的目的1.了解中国艺术瑰宝;2.有关艺术分类基本名词的掌握;3.进一步理解传承和保护中国传统文化的意义。本章教学的重难点1.书法、绘画2.京剧与脸谱知识3.民间艺术4.有关传统与现代剧种的讨论本章教学的时间安排教师课堂讲解（60minutes）1.Calligraphyandpainting(20minutes)2.Traditionaloperas(20minutes)3.Folkperformingarts(10minutes)4.Traditionalmusicalinstruments(10minutes)师生讨论(10minutes)学生课件展示(30minutes)CalligraphyandPainting(20minutes)Calligraphy(10minutes)Painting(5minutes)Fourtreasuresofthestudy(3minutes)HowtopracticeChinesecalligraphy(2minutes)HowdoyouunderstandChinesecalligraphy?Chinesecalligraphyisalsocalledtheartoflines.Calligraphy’spurposeistoretainthebeautyofnatureandilluminateman’sspiritualbeauty.Itstressestheoveralllayoutandharmonybetweenwordsandlines.TheChinesesaying“Thehandwritingrevealstheperson”(字如其人),isdirectlyrelatedtocalligraphy.Strokes(笔画)ofChineseCharactersThereare6basiccategories:dian—dotstrokeheng—horizontalstrokeshu—verticalstrokepie—curvedstrokezhe—angular(角形的)strokegou—hooked(钩形的)strokeChineseRadicalsStrokesformChineseradicals(偏旁)Aradicalistheprefixoftheword.Somebasiccharactercomponentsarestandalonecharacters(独立成字),like“土”and“山”,butmostarejustpartsofthem.ThemostcomplicatedChinesecharacter?ThenumberofstrokeswithinasingleChinesecharacterrangesfromafewtomorethan30strokes.Biang,二声(56strokes)FivecategoriesofChinesescriptsthesealform(zhuan篆书)theofficialform(li隶书)thecursive（草写的）form(cao草书)theregularform(kai楷书)therunningform(xing行书)TheSealForm(篆书)Softlinesofstrokesanduprightrectangularshapekeepthesealformcharactersmoreclosetopictography(象形文字).Eachofthecharactershasabalancedandsymmetrical(对称的)pattern.TheOfficialForm(隶书)ItwastheturningpointintheevolutionofChinesescriptsandisthefoundationofthelaterscriptforms.Itturnedtheremainingcurvedandroundstrokesofthesealformintolinear(直线的)andflatsquare(扁方形)shapes.ThecursiveForm(草书)Thisstyleofcalligraphyissmoothandlivelywithstrokesflowingandcharacterslinkingtogether.Thecharactersareoftenjoined,withthelaststrokeofonemergingintotheinitialstrokeofthenext.Itisexecutedfreelyandrapidlysothatpartsofthecharactersappearexaggerated(夸张的).Theregularform(楷书)Itisstilltoday’sstandardwriting.Itissquareinform,andnon-cursiveinstrokes.Size:LargerRegularForm(morethan5cm)SmallerRegularForm(smallerthan2cm)MediumRegularForm(in-between)TherunningForm(行书)Therunningformissomewherebetweentheregularandthecursiveformsallowingsimplerandfasterwriting.therunningregularform行楷therunningcursiveform行草FamousChineseCalligraphersinHistoryWangXizhi—thesageofChinesecalligraphyThePrefacetoTheLantingCollectionofCalligraphy（《兰亭集序》）HowdoyouunderstandChinesePainting?ChineseTraditionalPaintingreferstoink-washpainting(水墨画)TraditionalChinesepaintingsarenot“purely”paintings.Theycombinefineart,poetry,calligraphy,andsealengravingtoachieveanartisticunison(一致).Humanfigures,landscapes,flowers,birds,andpavilionsarethemostimportantthemesoftraditionalChinesepainting.DoyouknowanyChinesefamouspainters?XuBeihongQiBaishiFourtreasuresofthestudyFourtreasuresofthestudy:brush,ink,paperandinkstoneThebestofeachoftheseitemsisrepresentedby:Hubrush(湖笔),Huiinkstick(徽墨),Xuanpaper(宣纸),andDuaninkstone(端砚).HubrushHubrushesareproducedinthecityofHuzhou,ZhejiangProvince.Madefromthehairofagoatorwolf,theyareround,neat,strong,andpointed.Thegoathairissoft,suitableforthewritingofbigcharacters,whilethewolfhairishard,suitableforthewritingofsmallones.HuiinksticksHuiinksticksareproducedinHuiCity,AnhuiProvince.TheyaremadefromtheashofburntgreenpinefromMountHuangshanandthenmixedwithglue.XuanpaperXuanpaperisaspecialtypeofhighqualitypaperproducedinXuanchengandJingCountyofAnhuiProvince.Madeinan18-stepprocessfromthebarkofthewingceltis(青檀)treeandricestraw,thepaperissnow-white,soft,durable,absorbent(吸收性的)andmoth-proof.DuaninkstonesDuaninkstoneswerefirstintroducedinDuanzhou,nowareproducedinZhaoqingCity,GuangdongProvince.Theyhaveafine,solidtextureandaglossysheen(光泽).Inkpreparedinthemdoesnotdryquickly.HowtopracticeChineseCalligraphy?Choosingagoodcopybook(字帖)isagoodbeginning.Differentstrokesarethefirstyoushouldpayattentionto.Theregularformisusuallytakenasthestandardformforbeginnerstopracticebecauseitisthebasicformforotherinscriptions.Furthermore,inordertodevelopthisskillyoumustpracticeregularlyandtrainhard.“EightWaysofWritingChineseCharacters”(永字八法)Thereisanoldmethodpasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration,practicingthecharacter“永”repeatedlybecauseitcontainstheeightbasicdotsandstrokes.TraditionalOperas(20minutes)BeijingOpera(10minutes)OtherMajorTraditionalChineseOpera(10minutes)BeijingOperaOriginallyBeijingOperawasaformoflocaltheatre.ItthenspreadacrossthecountryandbecamethenationaloperaofChina.Singing,recitation,acting,andacrobaticfighting(唱、念、做、打)arethefourartisticmeansandthefourbasicskillsofBeijingOpera.Eachactionbytheperformerishighlysymbolic.Feelingsandideasareoftenexpressedthroughthesesymbolicmotions.Sheng,Dan,Jing,andChouThecharactersofBeijingOperaareclassifiedaccordingtosex,age,disposition,profession,andsocialstatus.Therea