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高中化学方程式配平练习大全配平无机物主要化学反应§1◆碱金属元素Na+O2===Na2O+O2Na+O2Na+S===Na+H2O==Na2O+H2O===Na2O2+H2O===(此反应分两步:Na2O2+2H2O===2NaOH+H2O2；2H2O2===2H2O+O2.)Na2O+CO2===Na2O2+CO2===Na2CO3+HCl===NaHCO3+HCl===NaHCO3Li+O2K+H2O===NaHCO3+NaOH==Na2CO3+H2O+CO2===NaOH+CO2(少量)==NaOH+CO2（多量）==Na2CO3+Ca(OH)2=NaOH+SO2（少量）===NaOH+SO2（足量）===NaOH+H2S（足量）===NaOH+H2S（少量）===NaOH+HCl===CO2+Ca(OH)2(过量)===CO2(过量)+Ca(OH)2===Na2O+HCl===Na2O+SO3===CaCO3MgCO3Fe(OH)3Mg(OH)2Cu(OH)2Al(OH)3CaCO3+H2O+CO2=NaOH+CuSO4==NaOH+FeCl3====§2卤族元素Cl2+CuCl2+FeCl2+NaCl2+H2Cl2+PPCl3Cl2+PCl3PCl5Cl2+H2O=Cl2+NaOH===Cl2+Ca(OH)2===Cl2+FeCl2===Ca(ClO)2+H2O+CO2(少量)==Ca(ClO)2+2H2O+CO2(多量)==Ca(ClO)2+HCl==HClOF2+H2===F2+H2O===Br2+H2I2+H2Cl2+NaBr===Cl2+KI===HCl+AgNO3===Br2+KI==HCl(浓)+MnO2HCl+AgNO3===NaBr+AgNO3=NaI+AgNO3===AgBrNa2SO3+H2O+Cl2==HClO+H2O＋SO2=§3氧族元素H2+SNa+SFe+SCu+SS+O2O2OH2O2H2SH2S+SO2==H2S+O2（少量）H2S+CuSO4=SO2+H2OSO2+NaOH=Na2SO3+H2O＋SO2=SO2+Ca(OH)2=SO2+O22Cl2(Br2、I2类似)+SO2+H2O=SO3+H2O=H2S+O2（足量）(Cl2、Br2、I2、SO2都可氧化)NaCl+H2SO4(浓)H2SO4(浓)+CuH2SO4(浓)+CNa2SO3+O2=FeS2+O2Na2SO3+H2SO4=FeS+HCl=FeS+H2SO4=Na2SO3+H2O+Cl2==SO2(少量)+NH3+H2O===SO2+(NH4)2SO3+H2O===即:SO2(足量)+NH3+H2O===§4碳族元素C+O2点燃C+O2点燃CO+O2点燃C+CuO高温C+Fe2O3高温CO+CuO加热CO+Fe2O3高温NaOH+CO2====NaOH+SO2====NaOH+SO3====Ca(OH)2+CO2====Ca(OH)2+SO2====CO2+H2O===C+H2OC+CO2加热2C+SiO2Si+O22F2+Si==SiF4Si+4HF==SiF4↑+2H2↑Si+NaOH+H2O=SiO2+NaOH===SiO2+HF===CaO+SiO2SiO2+Na2CO3SiO2+CaCO3Na2SiO3+HCl=Na2SiO3++H2O+CO2==§5氮族元素NH3+H2ONH3·H2ONH４＋＋OH－NH3+O2NH4Cl+Ca(OH)2N2+H2N2+MgN2+O2NO+O2==NO2+H2O==NO+O2+H2O==NO2+O2+H2O==HNO3Cu+HNO3(浓)==Cu+HNO3(稀)===C+HNO3(浓)==NH4ClNH3+HCl==HNO3(稀)+Fe（过量）===HNO3(稀)+Fe（不足）===NH4HCO3NO2N2O4NaOH+NH4Cl(NH4)2SO4+NaOHNH4NO3+NaOHCl2+PPCl3Cl2+PCl3PCl5P+O2P2O5+3H2O§6几种常见的金属Al+O2Al+HCl===Al+H2SO4===Al+NaOH+H2O==Al2O3+HCl==Al2O3+NaOH==Al(OH)3+HCl==Al(OH)3+NaOH==Al(OH)3（Fe(OH)3、Cu(OH)2类似）AlCl3+NH3·H2O=NaAlO2+HCl+H2O=CO2+NaAlO2+H2O=NaAlO2+AlCl3+H2O=AlCl3+NH3·H2O===Fe+SFe+O2Fe+H2OFe+HCl===Fe+CuCl2===FeCl3+Fe===FeCl3+Cu===FeCl3+H2S(少量)===FeCl3+KI===Fe(OH)3FeCl2+Cl2===Fe(OH)2+H2O+O2==C+Fe2O3高温Fe2O3+HCl===Fe2O3+H2SO4===H2SO3+FeCl3+H2O===Al+Cr2O3Al+Fe2O3Al+MnO2Mg+CO2HgO2Ag2OWO3+H2Al2O32NaCl2Na+Cl2↑NaOH+FeCl3==§7其他章节CuSO4·5H2OCuSO4+5H2O====FeCl3+H2OCuCl2NaCl+H2OBa(OH)2·8H2O+NH4Cl==配平有机物主要化学反应方程式（带*的暂时不作要求）1.甲烷和氯气的反应________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.乙烯实验室制法（浓硫酸作用___________、____________）_____________________________________________________________________________________3.乙烯通入溴水中_____________________________________________________________________4.乙烯和HBr的反应__________________________________________________________________5.乙烯水化制乙醇____________________________________________________________________6.制取聚乙烯_________________________________________________________________________*制取聚丙烯_________________________________________________________________________*7.乙炔的制取_________________________________________________________________________*其中碳化钙的电子式为____________________8.由乙炔制聚氯乙烯__________________________________________________________________9.苯与液溴反应_____________________________________________________________________10.苯的硝化反应____________________________________________________________________11.苯与氢气加成生成环己烷__________________________________________________________*12.甲苯发生硝化反应________________________________________________________________*13.溴乙烷水解______________________________________________________________________*14.溴乙烷消去反应__________________________________________________________________15.乙醇与钠反应____________________________________________________________________16.乙醇催化氧化____________________________________________________________________17．乙醇脱水（分子间、分子内）______________________________________________________*18.苯酚与氢氧化钠溶液反应__________________________________________________________*19.苯酚钠溶液中通入二氧化碳________________________________________________________*20.苯酚的定性检验定量测定方法______________________________________________________*21.丙醛制1-丙醇___________________________________________________________________*22.乙醛制乙酸______________________________________________________________________23.乙醛的银镜反应__________________________________________________________________*甲醛的银镜反应__________________________________________________________________24.乙醛与新制氢氧化铜悬浊液________________________________________________________25.乙酸与氢氧化铜悬浊液___________________________________________________________26.乙酸乙酯制取（用饱和碳酸钠溶液收集）_____________________________________________*27.葡萄糖与银氨溶液的反应___________________________________________________________28.蔗糖水解方程式___________________________________________________________________29.麦芽糖水解方程式_________________________________________________________________30.淀粉水解_________________________________________________________________________31.硬脂酸甘油酯皂化反应____________________________________________________________答案：无机化学方程式§1◆碱金属元素4Na+O2===2Na2O2Na2O+O22Na2O24Na+2O22Na2O22Na+S===Na2S（爆炸）2Na+2H2O===2NaOH+H2↑Na2O+H2O===2NaOH2Na2O2+2H