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安徽农业大学毕业论文（设计）论文题目设施农业环境参数监测及预警系统研究与设计姓名李杨鹏学号15600600院系信息与计算机学院专业计算机科学与技术指导教师许高建职称副教授中国·合肥二o一七年三月目录1引言············································································································11.1背景·········································································································11.2物联网拓扑结构···························································································11.3系统设计目的······························································································21.4系统设计价值······························································································21.5研究预期····································································································32设施农业环境参数监测及预警系统设计·······························································42.1系统总体结构图···························································································42.2采集系统····································································································52.2.1采集系统总体设计·················································································52.2.2供电方式和无线传感网络设计··································································62.2.3种植环境数据采集·················································································62.2.4土壤数据采集························································································72.2.5视频监控数据采集··················································································72.3预警系统设计······························································································72.3.1应用系统提示························································································82.3.2短信提示······························································································82.3.3邮件提示·····························································································82.4自动控系统·································································································83采集应用系统设计··························································································93.1总体需求设计······························································································93.2前台功能··································································································103.3后台功能··································································································103.4数据库表的设计·························································································114结论与展望·································································································12参考文献·······································································································13英文摘要·······································································································14致谢············································································································15设施农业环境参数监测及预警系统研究与设计学生：李杨鹏，指导教师：许高建(安徽农业大学信息与计算机学院合肥230036)摘要：本文介绍了物联网传感技术、计算机网络技术、通讯技术、系统集成技术等的综合应用。通过在物联网感知层部署相应功能的传感器对温室温湿度、光照、CO2、灌溉池水位、电力环境等进行检测，并在农业生产各环节布置视频监测，再通过网络层可靠的网络技术和通讯技术将感知层获取的数据传输至应用后台数据库，最后物联网应用层系统对数据进行统一处理和应用管理。整套系统可通过农业物联网技术进行农业环境参数的实时监测和预警，并通过后台对农业生产过程中的温室温湿度、光照、CO2、灌溉池水位、电力环境等进行精准控制。关键词：农业物联网、监测系统，预警系统，无线传感器，数据库。11引言1.1背景我国是一个农业大国耕地面积排世界第3，仅次于美国和印度，但是人口基数大，人均耕地面积排在126位以后，人均耕地仅1.4亩，还不到世界人均耕地面积的一半。随着经济发展，土地被占用被污染，可用耕地面积也在逐年减少。尽管我国目前已经在农业生产中应用现代化的机械生产方式，在自动化上也已经初有成效，但是与很多发达国家相比仍然还存在不小差距。在农作物环境监测和方面，还没形成一套完整的监测体系，目前还基本是通过工作人员定期去采集和记录，通过人工带回实验室进行化验分析。这种局部性人为的监测，严重影响到数据的准确性。缺乏长期监测和评估的手段，会导致在农业生产过程中，不能对突发情况和潜在风险做出及时的应对和预警，为了解决这一矛盾我们可以利用农业物联网技术，在生产环境中部署环境监测传感器，实时监测农业环境的各项参数，对参数进行科学化分析，并根据分析数据做出科学化指导。在农作物预警方面，传统农业通过人工勘察的方式，不能对农作物的突发情况做出及时预警，增加了病虫、自然灾害的风险。农业物联网技术的应用可以大大的规避种植风险，优化种植方案，可以大大的提高农业生产的效率和成果。1.2物联网拓扑结构物联网的拓扑结构由下至上共分三层：感知层、网络层以及应用层。（1）感知层数据采集与感知主要用于采集物理世界中发生的物理事件和数据，包括各类物理量、标识、音频、视频数据。物联网的数据采集涉及传感器、RFID、多媒体信息采集、二维码和实时定位等技术。感知层的自组网通信技术主要针对局部区域内各类终端间的信息交互而采用的调制、编码、纠错等通信技术，实现各终端在局部区域内的信息交互而采用的媒体多址接入技术，实现各终端在局部区域内信息交互所需的组网、路由、拓扑管理、传输控制、流控制等技术。感知层信息处理技术主要指在局部区域内各终端完成信息采集后所采用的模式识别、数据融合、数据压缩等技术，以提高信息的精度，降低信息冗余度，实2现原始级、特征级、决策级等信息的网络化处理。感知层节点级中间件技术主要指为实现传感网业务服务的本地或远端发布，而需在节点级实现的中间件技术，包括代码管理、服务管理、状态管理、设备管理、时间同步、定位等。（2）网络层网络层主要用于实现感知层各类信息进行广域范围内的应用和服务所需的基础承载网络，包括移动通信网、互联网、卫星网、广电网、行业专网，及形成的融合网络等。根据应用需求，可作为透传的网络层，也可升级满足未来不同内容传输的要求。经过十余年的快速发展，移动通信、互联网等技术已比较成熟，在物联网的早期阶段基本能够满足物联网中数据传输的需要。（3）应用层应用层主要将物联网技术与智能农业系统相结合，实现广泛的物物互联的应用解决方案。主要包括业务中间件和行业应用领域。其中物联网业务中间件子层用于支撑跨行业、跨应用、跨系统之间的信息协同、共享、互通的功能。1.3系统设计目的通过物联网技术，对农业生产过程进行信息化管控。利用视频监测点，可以实时查看作物生长情况；在农业生产环境中布置传感设备，通过传感设备将采集到的农作物生长各环节的数据，通过网络传输后进行汇总分析，给农作物种植提供决策依据，如：农作物的大气温湿度、光照强度、土壤温湿度，通过设置系统阈值，各项种植指标超过阈值将自动报警，将报警信息发送到信息系统或农民的手机终端，提醒人工进行浇水施肥等操作，也可以通过软件系统打开灌溉电磁阀、卷帘机、风扇等，起到灌溉、遮阳、降温的效果。1.4系统设计价值在农业生产过程中使用设施环境参数检测及预警系统可以大大提高种植效率，具体表现在以下几个方面：（1）可以降低种植的经济成本：在农业生产过程中，传统农业什么时候浇灌、什么时候施肥以及如何防虫防害，都是通过人为经验去控制，无法对环境数据进3行感知分析，导致资源浪费和人力浪费。自动监测和预警可以根据数据，精准的对农作物进行施肥和浇灌，并通过自动化方式自动浇灌，节省人力成本。（2）可以增加农作物的产量：设施环境参数检测及预警系统，通过感知分析对农作物在生长的生命周期进行实时分析并作出科学指导，可以大大提高农作物的产能